The Usefulness of Intravenous Infusion of Hydroxyethylh Starch during Neurosurgery 王凤学 李 林 范颖晖 张铁铮 周 锦 姚 婧 张毅男 解放军沈阳军区总医院麻醉科, 沈阳 110016 Fengxue Wang, Lin Li, Yinghui Fan, Tiezheng Zhang, et al. Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Millitery Region,PLA. Shenyang, 110016<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Abstract Objective: To investigate the safeties and possibility of Hydroxyethylh Starch (HES)infusion during neurosurgery operation. Methods: 30 ASA grade Ⅱ-Ⅵ patients, scheduled for selective operation, were studied. Anesthesia was induced with propoful-fentanyl-vecuronium and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and 1.5% procaine intravenous drop. All received an intravenous infusion of HES: 500ml at the rate of 15ml per minute before opening dura, another 500ml was given after 15 minutes. SBP ,DBP,MAP,CVP,ICP, HR, PT, APTT, Blood-gas analysis and electrolyte were recorded before induction, when opening dura, and after 1000ml HES had been infused. To see the ultra-micro structure changes of the cerebral cortex cell, 9 telescope photos were taken. Results: The hemodynamics of all patients, ICP, MAP, HR,PLT, PT, APTT were kept stable during the whole procedures. The electrolyte values (K+, Na+) decreased slightly, after 1000ml HES infusion. No myocardial ischemia or arrhythmia was found. The ICP was 10.25±2.39mmHg after 500ml HES infusion. The ultra-micro structure of the cerebral cortex cell remained unchanged. Conclusions: Hydroxyethylh Starch can be acceptable during neurosurgery. To adults, 1000ml HES is safe and useful. Key words: Neurosurgery,;Hydroxyethylh starch 为探讨贺斯溶液在颅脑手术中应用的安全性和可行性,我院在颅脑手术中输注贺斯(HAES-Steril)进行血液稀释,以减少术中输血取得良好效果,现报告如下。 资料与方法 1. 一般资料 本组30例,男14例,女16例,年龄24 ~ 76岁,体重50~91kg ,ASAⅡ~Ⅵ级。疾病种类包括颅内动脉瘤、脑血管畸形、脑膜瘤、神经胶质瘤、脑囊虫症、高血压性脑出血和垂体瘤。术前意识障碍1例,其他器官功能无异常,心电图及实验室检查均在正常范围。 2. 方法 本组均为气管内插管静吸复合麻醉,术前给予常规剂量的哌替啶和阿托品。全麻前先在局麻下行L3~4蛛网膜下腔穿刺并置管3cm,导管外端与Datex压力传感器连接。仰卧位下测压,作为颅内压(ICP)的基础值,继而行全麻诱导。静脉注射异丙酚(2 mg?kg-1)、芬太尼(4 μg?kg-1)、琥珀胆碱(2mg?kg-1)和维库溴铵(0.08 mg?kg-1),肌松完善后插入气管内导管,接百斯(Blease)麻醉机吸入1.5%异氟醚并静脉滴注1.5%普鲁卡因溶液维持麻醉。机械通气参数VT=10ml?kg-1)、f=12、I/E=1:2。 开放两条静脉通路滴注1.5%普鲁卡因液,另条输注6%贺斯溶液,并在切开硬脑膜前输注500ml(40min),15min后(切开硬脑膜)在30min内再输注500ml。于输注贺斯前及每输入500ml后5min内,监测并记录SBP、DBP、MAP、CVP、HR、ECG、ICP、血常规、凝血指标、血浆电解质及血气变化。本组于输注贺斯500ml及1000ml后,取9例病变周围小块脑组织作电镜观察。 本组手术时间2~5h,术中出血500~2200ml,失血量≤800ml未予输血。 统计分析 所得数据以均值±标准差表示,组内比较采用T检验,P<0.05认为有显著性差异。 结 果 1. 循环指标变化 输注不同容量贺斯后对循环指标的影响,见表1  从表1可见,输注贺斯500~1000ml后SBP及DBP仅轻度下降(P<0.01),心率无明显变化。 2. 血常规、凝血指标及血浆电解质的变化 输入贺斯液前后上述各项指标的变化见表2。 从表2可见,输入贺斯500~1000ml后RBC、PLT、Hb与HCT呈稀释性减少,K+和Na+亦轻度降低,但均在安全范围内; 对PT和APTT并无影响。 3. 血气变化(见表3) 表3显示,血气值在输入贺斯液前即呈轻度呼碱,但输入贺斯前后并无明显差异。 4. 脑压变化 输入贺斯液500ml及1000ml,ICP结果见表4。 从表4可见,输入贺斯液500ml后ICP与其基础值相比无明显变化。 5. ECG 连续监测Ⅱ导ECG,术中未见心肌缺血与心律失常。 6. 脑形态学变化 输入贺斯500ml后取病变周围脑组织在4000倍电镜下观察,见细胞核呈椭圆形,核膜完整,染色体清晰;有髓神经髓鞘排列整齐、规则。输入贺斯1000ml后,脑组织电镜所见与500ml时基本相似(图1~2) 7. 不良反应 贺斯液在输注过程中及输入后,未见任何不良反应。
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