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地氟烷复合异丙酚麻醉对颅脑手术病人颅内压和脑灌注压的影响

时间:2010-08-24 11:30:24  来源:  作者:

Effecs of Desflurance-propofol Anesthesia on Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in the Brain Tumor Patients during Neurosurgery
             ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the effect of desflurane-propofol anasthesia on intracranial pressure(ICP),cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the brain tumor patients during neurosurgery. 
Methods: Twenty patients with raised ICP ,scheduled for elective craniotomy, were randomly allocated into group A and group B. The patients had no hypertentsion and obstruction in subarachnoid lacuna. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of desflurane and continuous infusion of propofol 50
μg•kg-1•min-1 in group A (n=10) or continuous infusion of propofol 100μg•kg-1•min-1 in group B (n=10).ICP,MAP and HR were measured  before and after induction, during intubation, during desflurane-propofol anesthesia, incision of the skin, excision of the bone, incision of the dura and extubation and CPP was calculated, respectively.
Results:  ICP decreased sufficiently after induction (p<0.05) in both groups.Before incision of the skin, ICP increased slightly in group A (18.1±2.3~18.5±1.5)mmHg and decreased sufficiently in group B(17.7±2.8~13.1±1.8)mmHg. There were significant differences between A and B groups (p<0.05). During  incision of the skin and excision of the bone, ICP was (19.4±2) mmHg and (19.5±1.6) mmHg respectively in group A; ICP was (14.9±1.7)mmHg and(15±1.3)mmHg in group B.ICP was significantly lower in group B(p<0.05). CPP in both groups during operation were all maintained within normal ranges.
Conclusion: During neurosurgery, 0.5 MAC desflurane and continuous infusion of propofol 100
μg•kg-1•min-1  may decrease ICP significantl and maintain CPP  within normal range.
Key words: Propofol; Desflurane; General anesthesia; Intracranial tumor operation; Intracranial pressure; Cerebral perfusion pressure
 
  Corresponding author:  Yun Yue, MD; E-mail address: yueyun@hotmail.com <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

  多数颅内肿瘤手术病人,术前均处于高颅压状态[1]。颅内压增高,致使脑缺血、缺氧而产生脑水肿。脑水肿又可引起颅内压进一步升高,脑组织受压移位而发生脑疝,延髓生命中枢受压足以致命[2],二者互为因果,恶性循环。因此,麻醉的关键在于对颅内压和脑灌注压的调控。本研究中,我们将地氟烷的吸入浓度定为0.5MAC,与两种不同剂量的异丙酚复合应用对颅脑手术病人进行维持麻醉,观察其对颅内压、脑灌注压、平均动脉压等的影响,为地氟烷、异丙酚复合麻醉的临床合理应用提供依据。
               资料和方法

一、  一般资料

  随机选择经CT、核磁共振检查确诊颅内肿瘤择期手术病人20例,均为幕上肿瘤,其中13例为脑胶质瘤,7例为脑膜瘤,有不同程度颅内压增高的表现。麻醉前血压无明显增高,蛛网膜下腔无梗阻,体温及血红蛋白均正常,重要器官未见异常。随机分为A、B两组,每组10例。两组患者一般情况无显著差异(表1)。   

二、  麻醉方法 
  病人入室后,在局麻下经L3-4间隙穿刺蛛网膜下腔置管,通过
Model1290C换能器与监测仪连接以连续监测颅内压(ICP)。麻醉诱导依次静注芬太尼4μg•kg-1,依托咪酯0.4mg•kg-1,维库溴铵0.1mg•kg-1,气管插管后施机械通气,调整呼吸机参数控制呼吸,维持PETCO24.4~4.6kPa(3335mmHg),低流量持续吸入地氟烷,氧流量0.5L•min,用Datex麻醉气体监护仪持续监测地氟烷吸入和呼出浓度,维持地氟烷呼出浓度为0.5MAC。同时A组异丙酚50μg•kg-1•min-1泵注维持麻醉,B组异丙酚100μg•kg-1•min-1泵注维持麻醉。术中间断静注维库溴铵,每次2~4mg,,并根据刺激强度和血液动力学状况,酌情给予适量的芬太尼,每次0.05~0.1mg,于缝合硬膜时停输异丙酚,缝皮结束后停吸地氟烷。

三、 观察指标  
  分别于麻醉前、诱导和插管时、吸醚及静点异丙酚至切皮前(每隔5分钟记录一次),切皮、锯颅骨、开硬膜、术毕及术后拔管时观察记录ICP、MAP的值,计算脑灌注压值(CPP),其为MAP与颅内压ICP之差,并同时记录相应的心率(HR)。
四、统计分析 
  所有监测及计算参数均以均值±标准差表示,采用
EXCEL统计软件分析,组内比较用配对t检验,组间比较采用t检验,p<0.05为有显著性差异。

               结 果
一、CP的变化 
  A、 B两组患者麻醉前ICP值均无显著差异(P>0.05),与麻醉前比较,诱导后两组ICP值明显下降(P<0.05)。插管时,两组ICP值都较诱导时有升高,但无统计学意义(表2、表3、图1)。与诱导值相比,A组ICP值在插管后(开
始吸醚及静点异丙酚)20分钟内(至切皮前),呈缓慢升高。与麻醉前相比,B组ICP值在插管后10分钟开始显著降低(P<0.05),10分钟~20分钟期间ICP值基本维持在同一水平。与同一时刻A组值相比,有显著差别(P<0.05)。切皮及锯颅骨时较麻醉前相比A组ICP明显升高(P<0.05)。B组明显降低(P<0.05)。和麻醉前相比,术毕时两组的ICP都明显下降(P<0.05),且B组下降更为明显。拔管时,两组ICP较术毕时均有不同程度增高,B组仍然明显低于麻醉前。

二、CPP的变化
 
  两组患者CPP值无显著差异(P>0.05)。CPP诱导及术中一直较为稳定,维持在正常范围。A组病人CPP值在术毕及拔管后均较麻醉前明显升高(P<0.05)。B组病人于手术开始后CPP值持续高于麻醉前,并维持在正常范围(表2、表3、图2)。
 
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.MAP及HR的变化 
  与麻醉前比较,两组诱导时MAP略有降低,但无统计学意义,吸醚后10~20min,两组MAP值均较麻醉前明显降低(P<0.05)。术中切皮及锯颅骨时,较麻醉前相比,A组MAP值明显升高,(P<0.05),B组无明显变化(表2及表3)。A、B两组MAP值在吸醚后10分钟开始,与麻醉前相比,均显著下降(P<0.05),组间同一时刻比,无统计学差异。术中切皮及锯颅骨时,较麻醉前相比,A组MAP值明显升高,(P<0.05),拔管后,两组MAP值较麻醉前均有不同程度升高。与麻醉前比较,A组HR切皮及锯颅骨时显著升高(P<0.05),B组无明显变化。拔管后,两组病人HR均较麻醉前显著升高(P<0.05).   


 
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2. 刘俊杰, 赵俊主编.现代麻醉学.第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,
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