Effecs of Desflurance-propofol Anesthesia on Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in the Brain Tumor Patients during Neurosurgery ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of desflurane-propofol anasthesia on intracranial pressure(ICP),cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the brain tumor patients during neurosurgery. Methods: Twenty patients with raised ICP ,scheduled for elective craniotomy, were randomly allocated into group A and group B. The patients had no hypertentsion and obstruction in subarachnoid lacuna. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of desflurane and continuous infusion of propofol 50μg•kg-1•min-1 in group A (n=10) or continuous infusion of propofol 100μg•kg-1•min-1 in group B (n=10).ICP,MAP and HR were measured before and after induction, during intubation, during desflurane-propofol anesthesia, incision of the skin, excision of the bone, incision of the dura and extubation and CPP was calculated, respectively. Results: ICP decreased sufficiently after induction (p<0.05) in both groups.Before incision of the skin, ICP increased slightly in group A (18.1±2.3~18.5±1.5)mmHg and decreased sufficiently in group B(17.7±2.8~13.1±1.8)mmHg. There were significant differences between A and B groups (p<0.05). During incision of the skin and excision of the bone, ICP was (19.4±2) mmHg and (19.5±1.6) mmHg respectively in group A; ICP was (14.9±1.7)mmHg and(15±1.3)mmHg in group B.ICP was significantly lower in group B(p<0.05). CPP in both groups during operation were all maintained within normal ranges. Conclusion: During neurosurgery, 0.5 MAC desflurane and continuous infusion of propofol 100μg•kg-1•min-1 may decrease ICP significantl and maintain CPP within normal range. Key words: Propofol; Desflurane; General anesthesia; Intracranial tumor operation; Intracranial pressure; Cerebral perfusion pressure Corresponding author: Yun Yue, MD; E-mail address: yueyun@hotmail.com <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 多数颅内肿瘤手术病人,术前均处于高颅压状态[1]。颅内压增高,致使脑缺血、缺氧而产生脑水肿。脑水肿又可引起颅内压进一步升高,脑组织受压移位而发生脑疝,延髓生命中枢受压足以致命[2],二者互为因果,恶性循环。因此,麻醉的关键在于对颅内压和脑灌注压的调控。本研究中,我们将地氟烷的吸入浓度定为0.5MAC,与两种不同剂量的异丙酚复合应用对颅脑手术病人进行维持麻醉,观察其对颅内压、脑灌注压、平均动脉压等的影响,为地氟烷、异丙酚复合麻醉的临床合理应用提供依据。 资料和方法 一、 一般资料
 随机选择经CT、核磁共振检查确诊颅内肿瘤择期手术病人20例,均为幕上肿瘤,其中13例为脑胶质瘤,7例为脑膜瘤,有不同程度颅内压增高的表现。麻醉前血压无明显增高,蛛网膜下腔无梗阻,体温及血红蛋白均正常,重要器官未见异常。随机分为A、B两组,每组10例。两组患者一般情况无显著差异(表1)。 |
二、 麻醉方法 病人入室后,在局麻下经L3-4间隙穿刺蛛网膜下腔置管,通过Model1290C换能器与监测仪连接以连续监测颅内压(ICP)。麻醉诱导依次静注芬太尼4μg•kg-1,依托咪酯0.4mg•kg-1,维库溴铵0.1mg•kg-1,气管插管后施机械通气,调整呼吸机参数控制呼吸,维持PETCO24.4~4.6kPa(33~35mmHg),低流量持续吸入地氟烷,氧流量0.5L•min,用Datex麻醉气体监护仪持续监测地氟烷吸入和呼出浓度,维持地氟烷呼出浓度为0.5MAC。同时A组异丙酚50μg•kg-1•min-1泵注维持麻醉,B组异丙酚100μg•kg-1•min-1泵注维持麻醉。术中间断静注维库溴铵,每次2~4mg,,并根据刺激强度和血液动力学状况,酌情给予适量的芬太尼,每次0.05~0.1mg,于缝合硬膜时停输异丙酚,缝皮结束后停吸地氟烷。
 三、 观察指标 分别于麻醉前、诱导和插管时、吸醚及静点异丙酚至切皮前(每隔5分钟记录一次),切皮、锯颅骨、开硬膜、术毕及术后拔管时观察记录ICP、MAP的值,计算脑灌注压值(CPP),其为MAP与颅内压ICP之差,并同时记录相应的心率(HR)。 四、统计分析 所有监测及计算参数均以均值±标准差表示,采用EXCEL统计软件分析,组内比较用配对t检验,组间比较采用t检验,p<0.05为有显著性差异。 |
结 果 一、CP的变化 A、 B两组患者麻醉前ICP值均无显著差异(P>0.05),与麻醉前比较,诱导后两组ICP值明显下降(P<0.05)。插管时,两组ICP值都较诱导时有升高,但无统计学意义(表2、表3、图1)。与诱导值相比,A组ICP值在插管后(开始吸醚及静点异丙酚)20分钟内(至切皮前),呈缓慢升高。与麻醉前相比,B组ICP值在插管后10分钟开始显著降低(P<0.05),10分钟~20分钟期间ICP值基本维持在同一水平。与同一时刻A组值相比,有显著差别(P<0.05)。切皮及锯颅骨时较麻醉前相比A组ICP明显升高(P<0.05)。B组明显降低(P<0.05)。和麻醉前相比,术毕时两组的ICP都明显下降(P<0.05),且B组下降更为明显。拔管时,两组ICP较术毕时均有不同程度增高,B组仍然明显低于麻醉前。
 二、CPP的变化 两组患者CPP值无显著差异(P>0.05)。CPP诱导及术中一直较为稳定,维持在正常范围。A组病人CPP值在术毕及拔管后均较麻醉前明显升高(P<0.05)。B组病人于手术开始后CPP值持续高于麻醉前,并维持在正常范围(表2、表3、图2)。
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 三.MAP及HR的变化 与麻醉前比较,两组诱导时MAP略有降低,但无统计学意义,吸醚后10~20min,两组MAP值均较麻醉前明显降低(P<0.05)。术中切皮及锯颅骨时,较麻醉前相比,A组MAP值明显升高,(P<0.05),B组无明显变化(表2及表3)。A、B两组MAP值在吸醚后10分钟开始,与麻醉前相比,均显著下降(P<0.05),组间同一时刻比,无统计学差异。术中切皮及锯颅骨时,较麻醉前相比,A组MAP值明显升高,(P<0.05),拔管后,两组MAP值较麻醉前均有不同程度升高。与麻醉前比较,A组HR切皮及锯颅骨时显著升高(P<0.05),B组无明显变化。拔管后,两组病人HR均较麻醉前显著升高(P<0.05). |
 参 考 文 献 1.马景孟,主编.颅内压增高与临床各科疾病.第1版.北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1995:67-668. 2. 刘俊杰, 赵俊主编.现代麻醉学.第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 1999:696-710. 3.Lang EW, Chesnut RM. Intracranial pressure and cerebral per-fusion pressure insevere head injury. New-Horiz, 1995,3(3):400-405. 4. Gremmelt A, Braun V. Analgesia and sedation in patients with headbraintrauma. Anaethesist, 1995,44(suppl3):855-865. 5. Miller RD. Anesthesia. 4 th edn.New York: Churchill livingstone Inc. 1994.272. 6. Clarke KW, Song DY, Alibhai HI. Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in ponies, after induction of anaesthesia with xylazine and ketamine. Vet Rec, 1996,139(8):180-185. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
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