我们的研究表明:小儿年龄愈小,到达麻醉恢复室时的SpO2水平越低。既往研究也有类似结果报道[9]。可能原因如下:手术后早期低氧血症的主要原因是小气道闭合,当闭合气量大于功能残气量时,低通气/灌流比率的肺区出现,导致气体交换障碍、气体阻抑和肺不张。手术后低氧血症的程度与功能残气量降低、闭合气量/功能残气量比率密切相关[10,11]。Thorsteinsson等[12]报道,年龄0.1~11.2岁的儿童,功能残气量与身高体重和年龄具有良好相关性。。小儿愈小,肺和胸廓的弹性回缩力愈低,尤其是1岁以下的婴儿。因此在小儿全身麻醉中更易发生小气道闭合,通气/灌注比率失调及肺分流。因为代谢率高,小儿的氧需量较大,所以每公斤体重的氧耗较大使小儿的氧耗竭更快。这些原因可以部分解释手术后脱氧饱和与年龄之间的关系,但是一些研究报道了矛盾结果,此可能与样本选择、麻醉方法和观察方式的不同有关。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 我们的结果表明,行腭裂修复术小儿较施其他种类整形外科手术小儿的手术后早期低氧血症发生率高、SpO2水平低。可能原因是,腭裂修复手术后常有不同程度的呼吸道梗塞,明显的呼吸道梗阻可能由舌肿胀、喉水肿、咽分泌物增多或麻醉药物的残留效应引起。据报道,呼吸道功能障碍在腭裂修复手术后的发生率为8.5~16%[13]。本研究有类似的结果,呼吸道功能障碍的发生率为12.8%(6/47)。 有趣的是,手术后早期的恢复评分仅与1岁以下婴儿的低氧血症状态有关,其原因仍不清楚。但可能与该年龄组的肺生理差别,使其更易于产生低氧血症有关。另外,低氧血症的严重程度与麻醉中芬太尼用量密切相关,此可能与芬太尼呈剂量相关性抑制呼吸中枢对高碳酸血症及缺氧的敏感性有关。麻醉时间与到达麻醉恢复时的SpO2水平无相关性,此结果与在小儿和成年人的其他研究结果相一致[7,9]。 参考文献 1. Canet J, Ricos M and Vidal F, Early Postoperative arterial oxygen desaturatiort Determining factors and response to oxygen therapy. Anesth Analg, 1989, 69:207 2. Soliman IE, Patel RI, Ehrenpreis MB, Hannallah RS. Recovery scores do not correlate with postoperative hypoxemia in children. Anesth Analg, 1988, 67:53 3. Craig DB. Postoperative recovery of pulmonary function. Anesth Analg, 1981, 60:46 4. Nunn JF. Effects of anaesthesia on respiration. Br J Anaesth 1990,65:54 5. Mansell A, Bryan C, Levison L. Airway closure in children. J Appl Physiol, 1972, 33:711 6. Knill RL. Mannninen PH, Clemem JL. Ventilation and chemoreflxes during enflurane sedation and anaesthesia in man. Can Anaesth Soc J, 1979, 26:353. 7. Motoyama EK, Glazener CH. Hypoxemia after general anesthesia in children. Anesth Analg, 1986, 65:267 8. Pullerits J, Burrows FA, Roy WL. Arterial desaturation in health children during transfer to the recovery room. Can J Anaesth, 1987, 34:470. 9. Oh TE. Postoperative hypoxemia: Recent Advances in Anaesthesia and Analgesia. edited by Atkinson RS and Adams AP. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1992, P103 10.Kataria BK, Harnik EV, Mitchard R. Postoperative arterial oxygen saturation in the pediatric population during transportation. Anesth Analg, 1988, 67:280 11.Alexander JI, Spence AA, Parikn RK, et al. The role of airway closure in postoperative hypoxemia. Br J Anaesth, 1973, 45:34 12. Thorsteinsson A, Jonmarker C, Larsson A. Functional residual capacity in anesthetized children normal value and values in children with cardiac anomalies. Anesthesiology, 1990, 73:876 13.Senders CW, Fung M. Factors influencing palatoplasty and pharyngeal flap surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1991, 117:542 |