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异丙酚无痛人工流产静注缩宫素可致严重循环波动

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Critical Hemodynamic Changes Caused by Injection of Oxytocin during Termination of Pregnancy with Propofol<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

Critical Hemodynamic Changes Caused by Injection of Oxytocin during Termination of Pregnancy with Propofol<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

卢家凯  博士
潘贤必 主任医师
北京军区总医院麻醉科, 北京 100700

Jiakai Lu , MD PhD and Xianbi Pan , MD 
Department of Anesthesia, General Hospital of Beijing Command, PLA
Beijing 100700, China 

ABSTRACT

  Objective:  To observe the influence of oxytocin on blood pressure and heart rate during termination of pregnancy with propofol anesthesia.   
  Methods: 75 patients, undergoing termination of pregnancy, were randomly allocated into three groups. Patients in group A and B(25 in each group)were anesthetized with 2~3mg.kg-1 propofol and 1μg.kg-1 fentanyl, while only patients in group A received 10 u oxytocin intravenously at the later stage of operative procedure. Patients in group C (n=25) were performed without anesthesia and 10 u oxytocin was administered at the same point as group A. Systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate were measured at 0.5 minute intervals for 3 min after injection of oxytocin or saline.
 Results: Critical hemodynamic fluctuation was observed within 3 min after injection of oxytocin which was typically represented by a significant falling of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure and a significant increase of heart rate. The changes of hemodynamics were returned to the baseline within 3 min without any treatment.
 Conclusion: Intravenous injection of oxytocin during termination of pregnancy with propofol anesthesia can result in a transient and critical hemodynamic fluctuation. More attentions should be paid to the patients with limited cardiac reserve. Further investigations to explore the mechanism are needed.
 Key words: Propofol; Oxytocin; Abortion; Hemodynamics

 

    近来我们连续发现,在应用异丙酚进行无痛人工流产时,静注常规剂量的缩宫素后,患者出现显著的血压下降和心率增加。针对这个现象,我们进行了以下对比观察。

材料及方法

  75例 ASAⅠ级早期妊娠并自愿接受人工流产的患者,随机分为三组:A组25例,平均年龄23±1.0岁;B组25例,平均年龄24±3.0岁。C组25例,平均年龄27±6.0岁。所有患者手术前一天完成常规检查。
  所有患者术前禁食、水8 h。入室后建立外周静脉通路,输注乳酸林格液。应用惠普多功能监护仪进行ECG、NIBP、HR、SpO2及RR监测,经鼻导管吸氧3.0L•min-1。A组和B组患者平静15min后,静注阿托品0.5mg, 枸橼酸芬太尼1μg•kg-1,然后经静脉缓慢注射异丙酚2~3mg•kg-1。待患者入睡后开始手术。C组在不用任何麻醉药物的状态下接受人工流产术。手术进行至胎囊吸出后时,A组和C组患者经静脉通路缓慢注入缩宫素10 u,B组注射生理
盐水1ml。分别于注射前和注射后0.5min1.0min1.5min2.0min2.5min3.0min记录收缩压、舒张压及心率。用t检验进行统计学处理。

N>

卢家凯  博士
潘贤必 主任医师
北京军区总医院麻醉科, 北京 100700

Jiakai Lu , MD PhD and Xianbi Pan , MD 
Department of Anesthesia, General Hospital of Beijing Command, PLA
Beijing 100700, China 

ABSTRACT

  Objective:  To observe the influence of oxytocin on blood pressure and heart rate during termination of pregnancy with propofol anesthesia.   
  Methods: 75 patients, undergoing termination of pregnancy, were randomly allocated into three groups. Patients in group A and B(25 in each group)were anesthetized with 23mg.kg-1 propofol and 1μg.kg-1 fentanyl, while only patients in group A received 10 u oxytocin intravenously at the later stage of operative procedure. Patients in group C (n=25) were performed without anesthesia and 10 u oxytocin was administered at the same point as group A. Systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate were measured at 0.5 minute intervals for 3 min after injection of oxytocin or saline.
 Results: Critical hemodynamic fluctuation was observed within 3 min after injection of oxytocin which was typically represented by a significant falling of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure and a significant increase of heart rate. The changes of hemodynamics were returned to the baseline within 3 min without any treatment.
 Conclusion: Intravenous injection of oxytocin during termination of pregnancy with propofol anesthesia can result in a transient and critical hemodynamic fluctuation. More attentions should be paid to the patients with limited cardiac reserve. Further investigations to explore the mechanism are needed.
 Key words: Propofol; Oxytocin; Abortion; Hemodynamics

 

    近来我们连续发现,在应用异丙酚进行无痛人工流产时,静注常规剂量的缩宫素后,患者出现显著的血压下降和心率增加。针对这个现象,我们进行了以下对比观察。

材料及方法

  75例 ASAⅠ级早期妊娠并自愿接受人工流产的患者,随机分为三组:A组25例,平均年龄23±1.0岁;B组25例,平均年龄24±3.0岁。C组25例,平均年龄27±6.0岁。所有患者手术前一天完成常规检查。
  所有患者术前禁食、水8 h。入室后建立外周静脉通路,输注乳酸林格液。应用惠普多功能监护仪进行ECG、NIBP、HR、SpO2及RR监测,经鼻导管吸氧3.0L?min-1。A组和B组患者平静15min后,静注阿托品0.5mg, 枸橼酸芬太尼1μg?kg-1,然后经静脉缓慢注射异丙酚2~3mg?kg-1。待患者入睡后开始手术。C组在不用任何麻醉药物的状态下接受人工流产术。手术进行至胎囊吸出后时,A组和C组患者经静脉通路缓慢注入缩宫素10 u,B组注射生理
盐水1ml。分别于注射前和注射后0.5min1.0min1.5min2.0min2.5min3.0min记录收缩压、舒张压及心率。用t检验进行统计学处理。

结 果<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

  术中监测指标和结果见图1~3。A组和B组全部病例均在平静状态下完成人工流产术。在静注异丙酚后血压出现轻度下降,除加快输液外,未用任何血管活性药物。在静注缩宫素前血压基本恢复到基础水平。A组患者在注射缩宫素后0.5min,开始出现明显的血压下降和心率增加,注射后1.0min,患者血压和心率与注射前比较变化最为明显(P<0.01)。注射后0.5~1.5min的血压和心率与B组和C组比较差异非常显著(P<0.01)。A组病例中,收缩压下降最明显者为72mmHg,只为注射前收缩压的59%,同时心率上升到147bpm,为注射前心率的170%,呼吸频率无明显改变。在注射缩宫素后1.5min,血压和心率逐渐恢复,2.5 min时基本恢复到应用缩宫素之前水平,未用血管活性药物干预。所有病人均按时清醒,术后未见异常。C组在注射缩宫素后血压无明显下降。

讨 论

  麻醉过程中出现一过性低血压并不可怕,危险的是对其发生没有足够的认识。A组病人,均在手术后期注射缩宫素后0.5min开始出现明显的血压下降和心率增加,1.5min后即逐渐恢复,如此快速和短暂的作用,如果没有敏感和连续的监测,几乎不能被观察到。目前,文献中尚未见有关类似报道。
  低血压是异丙酚临床应用中人们最为关注的问题之一
[1, 2, 3]有研究表明,异丙酚导致的低血压与药物的扩张血管作用、中枢交感活动的抑制以及外周压力感受装置的反应性下降等因素有关。低血容量可使用药后的低血压表现更加明显,血压下降水平与药物的应用剂量和注射速度相关。本研究中,首次注射异丙酚对血压产生轻微的影响,在注射缩宫素前,循环状态均基本恢复到基础水平。静注缩宫素后出现了明显的循环波动,从发生的时间规律分析,似乎低血压与静注缩宫素的关系更明显。 

  缩宫素是垂体后叶素的主要成分之一,在人工流产术中,经静脉或宫颈旁注射缩宫素,可选择性收缩子宫平滑肌,有效减少出血。研究显示,内源性和外源性缩宫素可对循环系统稳定产生复杂影响[4,5]。临床观察发现,剖腹产后输注缩宫素可产生低血压[5],这可能与其扩张血管作用有关[6]。本研究中,C组病人应用缩宫素后并未见明显循环波动,可能与清醒状态下疼痛刺激诱发的交感反应抵消缩宫素的扩血管作用有关。我们初步推测,异丙酚麻醉状态下,缩宫素的扩血管作用可较明显地表现出来,瞬间的扩血管作用可能是导致循环波动的主要原因。异丙酚和缩宫素存在特殊相互作用的可能性并不能完全排除。目前,我们正在进行相关机制研究。
  实际工作中并不是所有的麻醉医生对缩宫素的扩张血管作用都有足够认识。无痛人工流产术多在监测和复苏设施比较简易的门诊进行,异丙酚和缩宫素又是无痛人工流产术中两种常用药物。因此,尽管本研究观察到的循环波动持续时间短暂,但由于波动较大,仍有导致严重不良后果的潜在危险,特别是对于心功能储备较差和低血容量的病人,应引起临床医生注意。
 
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参 考 文 献
1. Angelini G, Ketzler JT, Coursin DB.  Use of propofol and other nonbenzodiazepine sedatives in the intensive care unit  Crit Care Clin 2001, 17(4):863~880
2. Chiu CL, Tew GP, Wang CY. The effect of prophylactic metaraminol on systemic
   hypotension caused by induction of anaesthesia with propofol in patients over 55 years old.  Anesthesia 2001, 56(9):893~897
3. Boillot A, Laurant P, Berthelot A, et al. Effects of propofol on vascular reactivity in  isolated aortal from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.  Br J Anaesth. 1999, 83:622-629
4. Schiltz JC, Hoffman GE, Stricker EM, et al. Decreases in arterial pressure activate
   oxytocin neurons in conscious rats.  Am J Physiol 1997, 273(4Pt2):R1474~1483
5. Munn MB, Owen J, Vincent R, et al. Comparison of two oxytocin regimens to prevent uterine atony at cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial.  Obstet Gynecol  2001, 98(3):386~390
6. 杨藻宸,主编药理学和药物治疗学. 第一版. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2000. 1119.   

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