机体对手术等伤害性刺激,会产生运动、血液动力学及内分泌等变化,这些变化与意识状态相关不明显,是发生在皮质下中枢的反应。麻醉深度不够引起的运动反应,因用肌肉松弛药而掩盖,而临床最明显的表现是血液动力学变化[6]。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 关于BIS用于判断麻醉深度及血液动力学的变化,目前仍存在争议。本研究显示: BIS诱导后下降,诱导前后(T0-T1)有明显差异(P<0.01)。插镜过声门时BIS值上升(T1-T2,P<0.05),术程中(插镜过声门至退镜完毕)变化平稳,手术操作时点(T2; T3)与非操作时点(T0;T1;T4) BIS值有统计学意义(P<0.05)。这一过程表明BIS能较好地反映手术过程,并提示患者清醒时间。有人对全麻诱导时BIS、95%SEF、平均信息(ApEn)、HRV作了比较,得出BIS对觉醒和睡眠有最强的预测作用,其灵敏性为97.3%、特异性为94.4%[7]。期间,BIS变化与血压变化趋势一致,相关性良好,提示BIS预测血压变化有一定的意义。使用BIS可以减少血液动力学波动,使麻醉过程中血压更加平稳。 本研究所有患者术后随访均无术中知晓,而术中BIS均值大于60。杨宾侠等[8]发现病人神志消失时BIS值为71±8,此时的镇静深度对循环抑制轻微,且术后迅速清醒而平稳。我们认为门诊手术中BIS值维持在60~70左右较为适度,能够满足安全手术,快速清醒的要求。 参考文献 1.Glass PS,Bloom M,Kearse L,et al. Bispectral analysis measures sedation and memory effects of propofol,midazolam,isoflurane,and alfentanyl in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology,1 997; 86(4);836-847. 2.Eger EI 2nd,Koblin DD,Harris RA,et al. Hypothesis: inhaled anaesthetics produce immobility and amnesia by different mechanisms at different sites. Anesth Analg,1997; 84(4);915-918. 3.Barr G,Jakosson JG,Owall A,et al. Nitrous oxide does not alter bispectral index : study with nitrous oxide as sole agent and as an adjunct to iv anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth,1999; 82(6);827-830. 4.Liu J,Singh H,White PF,Electroencephalographic bispectral index correlates with intraoperative recall and depth of propofol-induced sedation. Anesth Analg,1997; 84(1);185-189. 5. Iselin-Chaves IA,Flaishon R,Sebel PS,et al. The effect of the interaction of propofol and alfentanil on recall,loss of consciousness and the bispectral index. Anesth Analg,1998; 87(4):949-955. 6.于布为,彭章龙。BIS预测切皮心血管反应的可靠性。临床麻醉学杂志,2002; 18(11): 581-584. 7.Sleigh JW,Donovan J. Comparison of bispectral index ,95% spectral edge frequency and approximate entropy of the EEG,with the change in heart rate variability during induction of general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth,1999; 82(5): 666-671. 8.杨宾侠,王保国。异丙酚静脉麻醉镇痛催眠深度的研究。中华麻醉学杂志,1998; 18(11): 662-664. |