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非转流下原位肝移植术患者术中脑氧饱和度的变化

时间:2010-08-24 11:35:36  来源:  作者:

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Changes in regional cerebral oxygen saturation rSO2 during orthotopic llver transplantation without venovenous bypass

孔海莹 温小红 祝胜美 赵抗美 赵文胜 陈庆廉

KONG HaiyingWEN XiaohongZHU Shengmeiet al. Department of AnesthesiologyFirst Affiliated HospitalCollege of Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003China

 

Abstract

  ObjectiveTo evaluate the changes in regional cerebral oxygen saturationrSO2monitored by serif infrared spectroscopy during orthotopic fiver transplantationOLTwithout venovenous bypass.

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  MethodsTwenty ASA Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients of both sexes 12 males8 females with endstage liver diseases aged 2058 yrs undergoing OLT without venovenous bypass were studied. Radial artery was cannulated and SwanGanz catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein. ECGMAPCVPMPAPcardiac output CO),SpO2 PETCO2 and T were monitored during operation. rSO2 was monitored by nearinfrared spectroscopy INVOS 3100. The probes were placed on the forehead on both sides. rSO2 was recorded at the skin incision T1),5 min before and at the beginning of anhepatic stage T2T3),at 30 min after the start of anhepatic stage T4 and 5 min T5),15 min T6),30 min T7),90 min T8and 3 h T9 after the start of neohepatic stage. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg fentanyl 510 μg/kg scopolamine 0.6 mg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and maintained with isoflurane 0.5%-1.0 and propofol infusion 12 mg/kg/h in combination with intermittent i.v. boluses of midazolamfentanyl and vecuronium. The patients was mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubationPaCO2 was maintained between 3545 mm HgSpO2 was maintained at 100 and Hct30.

  ResultsMAPCAPMPAP and CO decreased significantly during anhepatic stage T3 T4 compared with the baseline values at T1 P<0.05 and returned to the baseline levels during the neohepatic stage T59. The changes in bilateral rSO2 were similar. rSO2 decreased significantly during the anhepatic stage T3 T4 compared with the baseline values at T1 P<0.05 and then returned to the baseline levels during the neohepatic stage. PaCO2 increased significantly at the start of neohepatic stage T5 compared with the baseline value at T1 and then gradually decreased during neohepatic stage T69 but still significantly higher than that at T4 P<0.05.

  ConclusionThere is a tendency toward imbalance between cerebral O2 delivery and consumption during anhepatic and early neohepatic stage during OLT without venovenous bypass.

  Key wordsLiver transplantationOxygen consumptionExtracorpareal circulation

 

  原位肝移植手术目前已成为治疗终末期肝病的一种方法,非转流下原位肝移植手术期间需阻断和开放下腔静脉及门静脉,术中血液动力学变化和代谢改变复杂;而终末期肝病患者脑血管自动调节功能受损[12]。因此,术中脑灌注和氧合有可能会受影响。脑氧饱和度(regional cerebral oxygen saturationrSO2)监测是一种新型的氧饱和度的监测方法,它利用红外光谱学分析法直接测定脑部的氧饱和度,从而直接反映脑氧供需平衡情况[3]。本文通过观察术中rSO2的变化,探讨非转流下原位肝移植术患者无肝期和新肝早期脑氧供需平衡情况。

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资料和方法

  选择200212月~20038月在本院行择期原位肝移植手术的晚期肝病患者,其中肝癌6例(4例合并肝硬化),肝硬化14例,无合并肝性脑病或糖尿病者,共计20例。男12例,女8例,年龄2058岁,ASA Ⅲ~IV级。

  术中监测  经右侧颈内静脉置人SwanGanz导管,Datex多功能监测仪持续监测ECG、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、平均肺动脉压(MPAP)以及体温等;以Q2连续心输出量,混合静脉血氧饱和度监测系统(ABBOTY,美国)监测心输出量(CO);rSO2探头(INVOS 3100,美国)分别置于左右前额,发射光点位于眉上22.5 cm,旁开额中线1cm,记录开腹前(T1)、门、腔静脉阻断前5 minT2)、门、腔静脉阻断即刻(T3)、门、腔静脉阻断30 minT4)、门、腔静脉开放3 minT5)、15 minT6)、30 minT7)、90 minT8)、3 hT9)等各时点的左右两侧rSO2。同时抽取桡动脉血,用美国ISTAT便携式血液分析仪测定血红蛋白(Hb)和动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)。

  麻醉诱导和管理  术前用药为地西泮5mg口服(术前情况差者免用)。静脉注射咪唑安定0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼510 μg/kg、东莨菪碱0.6 mg、维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg 行麻醉诱导,气管插管后,吸入异氟醚0.5%~1%、异丙酚12 mg/kg /h 微泵输注维持麻醉,术中酌情追加咪达唑仑(2 ms/次)、芬太尼(0.2 mg/次)、维库溴铵(2 mg/次),吸入100%氧,维持Sp02 100%。术中按需输注乳酸林格氏液、红细胞、血浆和白蛋白,维持红细胞压积≥30%。术中严重出血者补充纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原复合物和血小板。无肝期适当控制输血、输液,根据血气结果输注碳酸氢钠,必要时可应用多巴胺和肾上腺素维持术中血液动力学稳定。在门、腔静脉开放前开始增加潮气量,避免开放初期PaC02过度增加[>45 mmHg1 kPa7.5 mmHg]。通过变温毯(GAYMARMEDITHERMTM Ⅱ)和血液加温仪(HOTLINE HL90INT)维持体温≥35.5℃。术中均不采用体外静脉-静脉转流。

  统计学处理 所有计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示。先采用随机区组设计资料的方差分析比较各组间差异,再采用q检验行两两比较;对rSO2MAP的关系进行直线相关分析。P<0.05为差异有显著性。数据采用SAS 6.12统计软件进行分析。 

 

结 果

  T1相比,T3T4CVPMPAPCO明显降低、T59时明显升高,T3T4T6MAP 明显下降(P<0.05),其余各时点无显著性差异(P>0.05);与T4相比,新肝期各时点CVPMPAPCO以及MAP明显升高(P<0.05);各时点左右两侧的rSO2没有差异(P>O.05)。与T1相比,T3T4rSO2明显下降,T5rSO2明显升高(P<0.05),其余各点的rSO2变化不明显;与T4相比,新肝期各时点的rSO2明显升高(P<0.05)。与T1相比,T5PaCO2明显增加(P<0.05),其余各时点无显著性差异(P>0.05);与T4相比,新肝期各时点的PaCO2明显增加(P<0.05)。PETCO2的变化与PaCO2相似(P>0.05)。各时点的体温变化不明显(P>0.05)。与T1相比,各时点的Hb差异无显著性(P>0.05)。见表1rSO2MAP呈正相关(r0.51P<0.05)。

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