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硬膜外腔注射不同组合药物对兔神经根炎症及硬膜外粘连的疗效观察

时间:2010-08-24 11:35:44  来源:  作者:

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Effect of epidural administration of different combinations of lidocainecorticosteroids and vitamins on epidural space adhesion and nerve root inflammation in rabbits

 

夏令杰  孟凡民  宋文阁  张立  韩颖萍  杨苑健  马培志  韩振兴

XIA LingjieM EN G FanminSON G Wengeet al1 Department of A nesthesiologyHenan Provincial HospitalZhengz hou 450003China

 

Abstract

  ObjectiveTo compare the effects of epidural administration of different combinations of lidocainecorticosteroids dexamethasoneprednisolone and vitamins B1B6B12 on epidural space adhesion and nerve root inflammation in rabbits.

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  MethodsForty2eight adult Japannese white rabbits of either sex weighing 2138 ±0131 kg were anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine 15 mg?kg -1 and midazolam 0122013 mg?kg -1 1A catheter was inserted into epidural space at L2 when the ligamentum flavum was exposed by surgery and advanced caudally for 223cm1Correct placement of the catheter in epidural space was confirmed by injecting 015 lidocaine 0.2 ml through the cathter when the animal was awake1 24h after epidural cathter placement 0.2ml?kg -1 of normal saline containing talcum power 1mg? ml -1 was injected into epidural space1 3 days later the animal were randomly divided into 8 groupsgroup received no treatmentgroup epidural normal saline 0.2ml?kg -1group epidural 015 lidocaine 0.2ml?kg -1group epidural compound lidocaine solution 1 lidocaine 100mg + dexamethasone 10 mg in 20 ml normal saline0.2ml?kg -1group V epidural compound lidocaine solution 2 lidocaine 100mg + prednisolone 50 mg in 20 ml normal saline0.2 ml?kg -1group epidural compound lidocaine solution 3 lidocaine 100mg + dexamethasone 10 mg + vitamin B1 200mg in 20 ml normal saline0.2 mlPkggroup epidural compound lidocaine solution 4 lidocaine 100mg + dexamethasone 10 mg + vitamin B6 200mg in 20 ml normal saline0.2 mlPkgand group epidural compound lidocaine solution 5 lidocaine 100mg +dexamethasone 10 mg + vitamin B12 200mg in 20 ml normal saline0.2 mlPkg1One week later animals were killed by intravenous injection of air1 Spinal column below L1 was removed1Epidural space and nerve root adhesion was checked first with naked eye then examined under microscope1 Epidural space adhesion was divided into 4 grades according to Rydell.

  Results11 Macroscopic examination of epidural space for adhesionthere was no significant different between group and group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,also between group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ;there was significant different between group and group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ ( P < 0.01 1 21Microscopic examination of nerve root for inflammationthere was no significant different among group Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ;however there was significant different between group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲand group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ;there was no significant different among group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶand 1

  ConclusionsEpidural administration of lidocaine combined with corticosteroid dexamethasoneprenisolone in early stage of inflammation can eliminate nerve root inflammationprevent or alleviate epidural space adhesion1 Vitamin B1 or B6 or B12 combined with lidocaine and corticosteroids does not enhance their therapeutic effect.

  Key wordsInjectionsepiduralAdhesionsRadicutitisDrug the rapyEpidural space

 

  腰腿痛是现代社会所面临的主要健康问题,硬膜外腔注药是有效的治疗方法之一。但国内所用药物种类繁多,且配方混乱,为寻找一种合理的联合用药方法,对比观察了硬膜外腔注射不同组合药物对兔神经根炎症及硬膜外粘连的疗效。

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材料与方法

  动物模型的制作:成年日本大耳白兔48只,雌雄不限,体重(2138 ±0131 kg,以氯胺酮15mg?kg -1 、咪唑安定012013mg?kg -1 肌注全麻,左侧卧位,常规消毒铺巾,以L2 棘突为中心,正中切开皮肤23cm,钝性分离软组织,咬去L2 棘突,显露黄韧带,并切断大部分黄韧带,用蚊氏钳夹住硬膜外导管的前端23mm处,对准该处黄韧带向尾侧倾斜80 度直接穿刺,进入硬膜外腔,置管23cm,回抽无血液后,分层缝合,妥善固定硬膜外导管。待动物清醒后从硬膜外导管注入015 %利多卡因0.2ml?kg -1,观察阻滞效果,24h后从导管注入每毫升含1mg 消毒滑石粉的生理盐水0.2ml?kg -1,常规饲养3d 后备用。

  (二)分组及观察方法:上述模型动物随机分为以下8 组,每组6 只。Ⅰ组(空白组):不做任何处理,常规饲养;Ⅱ 组(对照组):硬膜外腔注入生理盐水0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅲ组(利多卡因组):硬膜外腔注入015 %利多卡因0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅳ组(利多卡因+地塞米松组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、地塞米松10mg、加生理盐水稀释至20ml 的复合液0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅴ组(利多卡因+ 强的松龙组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、强的松龙50mg 2ml) 、加生理盐水稀释至20ml 的复合液0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅵ 组(利多卡因+ 地塞米松+ 维生素B1 组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、地塞米松10mg、维生素B1200mg、加生理盐水稀释至20ml的复合液0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅶ 组(利多卡因+ 地塞米松+ 维生素B6组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、地塞米松10mg、维生素B6 200mg、加生理盐水稀释至20ml 的复合液0.2ml?kg -1;Ⅷ 组(利多卡因+ 地塞米松+ 维生素B12 组):硬膜外腔注入利多卡因100mg、地塞米松10mg、维生素B12 1mg、加生理盐水稀释至20ml 的复合液0.2ml?kg -1

  上述各组动物于手术后第1d、第4d刀口局部注射庆大霉素4万单位,第4d换药一次,注射治疗药物后拔除硬膜外导管。1周后空气栓塞处死,完整取下L1 以下脊柱,咬开椎板,对硬膜外、神经根炎症粘连情况作肉眼观察。随后将脊髓、硬膜、神经根一同取出,以L5 神经根为中心取材,10%福尔马林固定48h后,石蜡切片,HE染色,光镜观察神经根炎症、水肿及硬膜外粘连情况。肉眼观察参考Rydell的标准将硬膜外腔粘连程度分为4级,0级:硬膜白而光滑,无明显粘连;Ⅰ级:硬膜外有散在的粘连灶;Ⅱ级:硬膜外有散在的粘连灶和局部较薄的膜性粘连;Ⅲ级:硬膜外粘连组织厚且范围广。

  (三)统计学处理:对分级结果进行秩和检验(Kruskal2Wallis 法) 并进行两两比较(Nemenyi法);光镜观察用HPIAS21000高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统对L5 神经根处的慢性炎症细胞计数,并对结果进行方差分析和q 检验。P < 0.05 认为差异有显著性。

 

结 果

  (一)肉眼观察:空白组6只动物硬膜外、神经根炎症征象明显,且神经根明显水肿,硬膜外粘连程度均为Ⅲ级。对照组及利多卡因组硬膜外炎症、神经根水肿明显,硬膜外粘连程度,对照组:Ⅱ级4只,Ⅰ级2 只;利多卡因组:Ⅱ级3只,Ⅰ级3只。Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组动物硬膜外无明显炎症征象,神经根炎症水肿不明显,硬膜表面白而光滑,硬膜外粘连程度均为0级。硬膜外粘连程度:Ⅰ组与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组差异无显著性,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ 组差异无显著性( P > 0.05),但Ⅰ组与Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组差异有显著性( P < 0.01),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组及Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组之间差异无著性( P > 0.05) 。

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  许多作者行硬膜外注射治疗腰腿痛加用B 族维生素,是基于其可调节和改善神经传导,促进神经功能恢复。本实验证实,在局麻药利多卡因和激素地塞米松的基础上分别加用维生素B1 、维生素B6 、维生素B12 的各组,对神经根炎的疗效虽比对照组及单用利多卡因组好( P < 0.01),但与利多卡因加地塞米松或强的松龙组的抗炎及减轻粘连的效果差异无显著性( P > 0.05),提示其疗效仍是类固醇激素消除炎症,减轻粘连的结果。B族维生素的上述促进神经功能恢复的效果,仍需进一步研究。

  由于本实验动物模型与临床腰腿痛病人的炎症粘连并不完全相同,有关此方面的疗效需进一步的动物实验及临床研究证明。

  在炎症早期,硬膜外注射局麻药利多卡因加类固醇激素(地塞米松、强的松龙)可有效地消除神经根的炎症,预防和减轻硬膜外粘连,在利多卡因和地塞米松的基础上分别加用维生素B1 、维生素B6 、维生素B12,治疗后1周观察并不能使疗效提高。建议硬膜外腔注药治疗腰腿痛时,应早期选择应用局部麻醉剂和类固醇激素为核心成分配伍,并以适量的生理盐水进行稀释。

 

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