<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 对于局麻药与阿片类药物合用于硬膜外术后镇痛的效果,动物实验显示了协同效果[2],但临床方面曾有结论相反的报道,Badner等[3]的研究证实,0.1%的布比卡因加入0.001%的芬太尼未显示出明显的优势,而加入0.01%的吗啡仅表现为运动痛方面的协同作用,对静息痛与布比卡因单独应用无明显差异。而Berti等[4]报道,在0.125%的布比卡因或0.2%罗哌卡因加入芬太尼均较单独应用局麻药具有明显的优势,表现为镇痛效果明显增加,局麻药的用药量明显减少,循环功能稳定,运动神5/4阻滞减少,且无严重的阿片类药物副反应,这与我们的研究结果是一致的。 罗哌卡因具有低心脏毒性及良好的耐受性,尤其是硬膜外低浓度应用时感觉和运动神5/4阻滞的分离为术后镇痛的理想选择,但剂量增大时仍可发生运动神5/4阻滞和低血压,而单纯应用阿片类药物术后镇痛,副作用的发生也具有剂量依赖性,因此减低二者的用药量将可减少各自的副作用[5]。此外,由于吗啡的低脂溶性,在脑脊液中滞留的时间长,有研究报道它比高脂溶性的芬太尼发生副作用及延迟性呼吸抑制的机会更多[6],但我们的研究结果未发现此趋势,可能与RM组用药量明显减少进而吗啡的用药量相对于芬太尼用量显著减少有关。 因此,0.2%罗哌卡因伍用小剂量吗啡或芬太尼硬膜外镇痛,效果确切,副作用发生率低,且合用小剂量吗啡可明显减少罗哌卡因的用药量。 参考文献 1. Antonio Macias MD,Pablo Monedero MD,Maria PhD,et al. An randomized,double-blinded comparison of thoracic epidural ropivacaine,ropivacaine/fentanyl,or bupivacaine/fentanyl for postthoracotomy analgesia. Anesth Analg,2002,95:1344-1350. 2. Penning JP,Yaksh TL. Interaction of intrathecal morphine with bupivacaine and lidocaine in the rat. Anaesthesiology,1992,77:1186-1200. 3. Kanai A,Kinoshita S,Suzuki A,et al. Advantage of ropivacaine for postoperative epidural analgesia following leg orthopedic surgery.Masui. 2005 Jan;54(1):8-13. 4. Berti M,Fanelli G,Casati A,et al. Patient supplemented epiduralanalgesia after major abdominal surgery with bupivacaine/fentanyl or ropivacaine/fentanyl. Can J Anaesth,2000,47:27-325. 5. Saito M,Okutomi T,Kanai Y,Patient-controlled epidural analgesia during labor using ropivacaine and fentanyl provides better maternal satisfaction with less local anesthetic requirement.J Anesth. 2005;19(3):208-12. 6. Robert B. Steinberg MD,Spencer S,et al. Comparison of ropivacaine-fentanyl patient-controlled epidural analgesia with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for perioperative analgesia and recovery after open colon surgery. J Clin Anaesth,2002,14:571-577. |