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罗哌卡因用于大鼠连续腰麻的行为学及脊髓组织钙含量变化

时间:2010-08-24 11:36:17  来源:  作者:

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Ropivacaine was applied to continuous spinal anesthesia to observe the behaviour and Ca2+ content of spinal cord in rats

 

郭曲练,孙志华,邹望远

(中南大学湘雅医院麻醉科,长沙410008)

GUO Qu-lian,SUN Zhi-hua,ZOU Wang-yuan

Department of Anesthesiology,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha 410008,China)

 

Abstract

  Objective:Ropivacaine is a new long-acting amide local anaesthetic .Our study plan to observe the behaviour and Ca2+ content of spinal cord in rats after continuous spinal anesthesia administration of different desity and dose ropivacaine in SD rats.

  Methods:Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 220~280g were anesthetized .A polyurethane microspinal catheter was inserted into the lumbar subarachnoid space 8cm according to the method of Yaksh’s.The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each:in group N the animals were given normal saline 40μl intrathecal. every one and half hours for three times; in group R1 0.5% ropivacaine was given,in group R2 0.75% ropivacaine and group R3 1% ropivacaine was given as before,The activity of rats was observed . after 6 hours,Rats were then perfused with 4% formamint through the ascending aorta. The animals were sacrificed and L1-2 segment of spinal cord was immediately removed for Ca2+ content examination.

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  Results:1、A total hind limbs paralysis was seen in thirty seconds and intramuscular strain gradually came back from 30 to 90 minutes after intrathecal administration of ropivacaine in all groups rats, the recovery of motor black was remarkably different in group R1、R2 and R3(P<0.05). 2、The Ca2+ content of spinal cord was significantly higher in group R3 than that in group R1and R2(P<0.05).

  Conclusions:1、There is no significant change of motor black time and there is considered to be drug dose related for 0.5%、0.75%、1% ropivacaine in continuous spinal anesthesia. 2、1% Ropivacaine may step up Ca2+ content in spinal cord。

  key words:Ropivacaine; Continuous spinal anesthesia;Neurimotor;

 

  罗哌卡因是一种新型酰胺类局麻药,有明显感觉运动神经阻滞分离现象[1,2]。罗哌卡因能否用于腰麻仍不能定论[3~5],只能用实验探讨鞘内注射罗哌卡因对脊髓毒性的影响。细胞内钙离子浓度的升高是局麻药引起脊髓、神经根损伤的主要原因[6]。本试验拟将不同浓度剂量罗哌卡因用于大鼠连续腰麻,观察大鼠行为学及脊髓组织钙含量,为不同浓度剂量罗哌卡因能否用于连续腰麻阻滞提供依据。

 

  1 材料与方法

  1.1 材料

  (1) 动物:SD雄性大鼠24只,体重220~280g, 购于本校实验动物中心.

  (2) 主要仪器与试剂:Polyurethane microspinal catheters(内径 0.12mm,外径0.35mm,美国),微量注射器(100?l、50?l、10?l,无锡东升仪器厂),AA?680型原子吸收分光光度计(日本岛津),40%多聚甲醛粉末(500g/瓶,天津化学试剂研究所),0.5%,0.75%,1%罗哌卡因(10ml/支,Zeneca阿斯利康公司)。

  1.2 方法

  1.2.1 大鼠鞘内置管

  于大鼠腹腔注射10%水合氯醛溶液(300~350mg/kg)后,按改良Yaksh法[7]鞘内置入microspinal导管于脊髓腰段8cm。取置管后无运动障碍的动物于置管3d后鞘内注射2%利多卡因20μl,如注药后30s未出现双下肢麻痹,则舍去不用。动物均再单独饲养7d,即可用于实验。

  1.2.2实验动物分组和注药

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  选择符合实验要求的置管后无运动障碍,且经利多卡因实验证实导管确实在鞘内大鼠24只,随机分为4组(n=6):N组(对照组)经microspinal导管注入0.9%氯化钠40μl,每间隔1.5h一次,共3次。R1,R2,R3三组:注药方式同N组。注入药物分别为0.5%,0.75%,1%的罗哌卡因40μl。各组每次注药完毕用0.9%氯化钠10μl冲洗microspinal导管。

  1.2.3 监测与取材

  注药前采用RBP-1 B型大鼠血压计监测大鼠收缩压SBP。注药前5min、注药后每2,5,10min测一次,因考虑低血压对脊髓有损害,若SBP<90mmHg,则舍去不用。药物注射完毕后观察3h,注药开始同期观察行为学变化。按照4分视觉模拟评分[3]记录运动阻滞情况:0=大鼠双下肢自由活动;1=肢体步行不对称或受限;2=双下肢不能支撑身体;3=双下肢完全麻痹。每1min记录一次评分情况,直到运动阻滞达到最大强度。每10min记录一次运动阻滞恢复情况,直到完全恢复。并观察其呼吸、喝水及进食等,有无烦躁、抽搐、昏迷甚至死亡等。6h后用4%多聚甲醛灌注固定大鼠30min,取腰膨大脊髓组织,在4℃冰箱中保存。所有标本由中南大学现代分析测试中心的专业人员处理和测定样品,专业人员对组别和药物的浓度均为双盲。所有标本一次性完成用原子吸收火焰法测定钙含量。

  1.3统计学处理

  采用SPSS11.0统计分析软件。计量资料以均数±标准差(X±S)表示,两组均数比较采用配对t检验,多组均数比较方差齐性采用S-N-K单因素方差分析,多组均数比较方差不齐性采用Tamhane’s T2方差分析,P<0.05认为差异有显著性。

 

  2 结果

  2.1 大鼠注药前后SBP的变化

  N组即生理盐水组的SBP无明显变化。R组在蛛网膜下腔分次注射罗哌卡因后60min前的SBP有不同程度的下降,但60min后的SBP有回升趋势(表1)。未观察到大鼠的SBP<90mmHg。

  2.2 大鼠注药前后的行为学变化

  N组大鼠注药后,呼吸频率和幅度较注药前无变化,喝水、进食及自由活动等与注药前无变化。R组大鼠注药后30s内双下肢均麻痹,R1,R2,R3各组间比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),双前肢及头部仍能自由活动,呈限制性体位;30~90min后,双下肢肌张力逐渐恢复,1%罗哌卡因组大鼠双下肢肌张力恢复较0.5%,0.75%的罗哌卡因组慢,0.5%罗哌卡因组大鼠双下肢肌张力恢复最快,R1,R2,R3各组间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),表2。除R3组一只大鼠在第三次给药后呼吸次数减慢,在半小时后恢复正常外,余大鼠注药后均仍能平静呼吸。R组大鼠注药后均能自由喝水、进食,每次注药60~90min后能自由活动,未见烦躁、抽搐、昏迷甚至死亡等情况。

  2.3 脊髓组织钙含量的变化

  N组脊髓组织钙离子含量为(44.37±18.76)ug/g,R1组脊髓组织钙离子含量为(59.15±19.79)ug/g,R2组脊髓组织钙离子含量为(74.26±30.87)ug/g,R3组脊髓组织钙离子含量为(150.40±39.04**)ug/g。N,R1,R2组钙离子含量明显低于R3组(**P<0.05)。

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9. Van Kleef JW,Veering BT,Burm AG. Spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine:A double blind study on the efficacy and safety of 0.5% and 0.75% solution in patients undergoing minor lower limb surgery[J]. Anesth Analg,1994,78(6):1125-1130.

10. Malinovsky JM,Bernard JM,Baudrimont M,et al. A chronic model for experimental investigation of epidural anesthesia in the rabbit[J]. Reg Anesth,1997;22(1):80-85.

11. Rothman S. Synaptic release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter mediates on spinal cord function after temporary thoracic aortic occlusion[J]. J Neurosci,1984,4(7):1884-1891.

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