<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 循环的波动是腰麻对生理功能的主要影响,在老年人或心血管代偿功能差的病人,因阻滞平面的上升容易产生高平面的阻滞,引起低血压等。腰麻引起血流动力学的变化主要与交感神经阻滞的范围有关。本试验中CSA组病人布比卡因用量相对较少,阻滞平面较CSEA组低,交感神经阻滞的范围也较CSEA组少,血压相对稳定。有报道腰麻后10min时血管内血容量增加,血浆的粘滞度下降,推测可能与蛛网膜下腔阻滞后阻滞区域容量血管扩张,血管内静水压下降,组织间隙的晶体液进入血管内有关[9]。CSEA起效较快,组织液的渗入不能及时代偿血管的扩张,所以血压下降出现的较早。而CSA起效相对较慢,阻滞平面容易控制,心血管有充分的时间代偿,用药后25min左右血压才出现明显下降,并且下降的幅度较小。试验中还发现CSEA组注药后5min病人的心率增快,可能与穿刺完成后改变体位引起的交感轻度兴奋有关。 CSEA在时间较长的下腹部手术中,单次腰麻只能提供1-2小时满意的镇痛和肌松效果,在其余时间仍需要大剂量的硬膜外腔给药来维持,并且为满足腹部手术的肌松需要多采用‘两点法’穿刺,操作较复杂。CSA采取‘一点法’穿刺,减少了对病人的创伤,在手术的全过程始终维持满意的镇痛和肌松效果。 参考文献: 1. Kollos T,Smith TC. Continuous spinal anesthesia with hypobaric teracaine for hip surgery in lateral decubitus. Anesthsia and Analgesia 1972;51:76-82. 2. Dohler S,Klippel A,Richter S. Continuouis spinal anesthesia in very elderly patients with high anesthesia risk in traumatologic-orthopedic and general surgery interventions. Anaesthesiol-Reanim 1999;24(6):157-163. 3. 郑恒兴,计根林,张英民,等 腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉在子宫切除术的应用 中华麻醉学杂志,1999,19:122. 4. 王华民,李志学,曲仁梅,等 腰麻硬膜外复合麻醉10年临床分析 中华麻醉学杂志,1999,19:624-625. 5. Norris MC,Grieco EM,Borkowski M,et al. Complications of labor analgesia:epidural versus combined spinal epiduraltechniques. Anesth Analg 1994;79:529-537. 6. Greene NM . D istribution of local anesthetic solutions within the subarachnoid space. Anesth Analg 1985;64:715-730 7. Shesky MC,Rocco AG,Bizzarri-Schmid M,et al. A dose response study of bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1983;63:931-935. 8. Van Gessel EF,Forester A,Schwqeizer A,et al. Comparison of hypobaric,hyperbaric and isobaric solution of bupivacaine during continuous spinal anesthesia. Anesth-Analg 1991;72(6):779-784. 9. Odoom JA,Bovill JG,Hardemann MR,et al. Effect of epidural and spinal anesthesia on blood rheology. Anesth Analg 1992;74:835-840. 10. Denny N,Master R,Pearson D,et al.Postdural puncture headache after continuous spinal anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1987;66:791-794. 11. Rigler ML,Drasner K,Krejcie TC. et al .Cauda equina syndrome after continuous spinal anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1991;72:275-281. |