<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 本实验结果表明,丙泊酚用药后高龄高血压大鼠出现明显的与剂量相关的血液及组织内的血管紧张素降低。其机理可能与以下有关:(1) 丙泊酚抑制了交感神经系统活性,使血浆肾素水平降低;(2) 丙泊酚对压力感受器反射性抑制;(3) 丙泊酚能抑制周围血管神经末梢交感神经递质的释放,可说明丙泊酚是通过抑制肾交感神经递质的释放,进而抑制肾素、血管紧张素的产生。此外,丙泊酚可抑制ET的释放[1,3]。已有研究发现,ET具有血管紧张素转换酶样活性,促进Ang Ⅰ转化为Ang Ⅱ,增加周围血管平滑肌对Ang Ⅱ的反应性,而AngⅡ又是内源性ET 表达和释放的激动剂,由于Ang Ⅱ能显著促进ET mRNA的表达,从而血管内皮释放ET增多,其两者之间呈正相调节。 RAS是机体调节血压、水电解质平衡,维持循环稳定的重要系统。局部组织RAS在临床上有重大意义,局部血管紧张素水平可大大超过血浆,局部RAS对血管阻力、心脏、肾上腺功能及肾内血液动力学变化等方面的作用也可能大大超过全身RAS。正常情况下,自主神经系统对维持血压平稳起主要作用;但麻醉期间,RAS对维持血压稳定发挥主要作用。其主要效应分子AngⅡ可直接刺激血管平滑肌收缩而使外周血管阻力增加,其升压作用较肾上腺素强40倍,静脉内输注Ang Ⅱ,剂量低至2~5ng/kg/min即能使动脉血压迅速升高,并维持整个输注过程。许多资料表明,在硬膜外麻醉或全身麻醉,应用作用于RAS药物如Ang Ⅱ受体拮抗药、肾素血管紧张素转化酶抑制药的病人经常可见到血液动力学的剧烈波动,有时甚至发生难以控制的低血压和心动过缓[4~8]。这说明RAS 在麻醉过程中血压维持有重要作用,当体内RAS受到抑制时,麻醉中尤其是诱导期易发生血液动力学的波动。本实验结果表明,大剂量和小剂量丙泊酚都可抑制RAS,减低血液、心肌和主动脉内Ang Ⅱ。而Ang Ⅱ可有强烈的缩血管及促血管增生作用,增加心肌收缩力,引起心室肥厚和心肌纤维化[9]。局部的Ang Ⅱ浓度减低可导致心肌收缩力降低、血管张力下降。由此推测,丙泊酚对血液动力学的抑制与RAS有关。 参考文献 1. 池萍,林财珠,杨锡馨,等. 异丙酚对自发性高血压大鼠血压和血浆及心肌中内皮因子水平的影响. 中华麻醉学杂志,2002,22:622-623. 2. Kirkpatrick T,Cockshott ID ,Douglas EJ,et al. Pharmacoki2 netics of propofol (diprivan) in elderly patients. Br J Anaesth,1988,60:146-150. 3. Hayashi Y,Minamino N,IsumiY,et al. Effects of thiopental,ketamine,etomidate,propofol and midazolam on the pro2 duction of adrenmmedullin and endothelin21 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol,1999,103 :325-331. 4. Williams NE. Profound bradycardia and hypotension following spinal anaesthesia in a patient receiving an ACE inhibitor : an important drug interaction Eur J Anaesthesiol,1999 ,16 :796-798. 5. Powell CG,Unsworth DJ ,McVey FK. Severe hypotension associated with angiotensin2converting enzyme inhibition in anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care ,1998 ,26 :107-109. 6. Eyraud D ,Mouren S ,Teugels K,et al. Treating anesthesia induced hypotension by angiotensin II in patients chronically treated with angiotensin2converting enzyme inhibitors. Anesth Analg ,1998 ,86 :259-263. 7. Whalley DG,Maurer WG. Hemodynamic effects of anesthesia in patients receiving angiotensin2converting enzyme inhibitors. Anesth Analg ,1998 ,86 :215-216. 8. Meersschaert K,Brun L ,Gourdin M,et al. Terlipressin-ephedrine versus ephedrine to treat hypotension at the induction of anesthesia in patients chronically treated with angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors :a prospective,ran-domized,double-blinded,crossover study. Anesth Analg ,2002,94:835-840. 9. 袁勇. 血管紧张素Ⅱ及其受体和拮抗剂. 心血管病学进展,1998 ,19 :83-86. |