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Abstract: Objective To explore the anesthetic effect of combined general-epidural anesthesia in thoracic operation, the change of blood pressure (BP) and heart rhythm (HR), the condition of postoperative recovery, testify the feasibility and safety of anesthesia. Methods 60 patients who received thoracic operation were divided randomly into the observation group (groupⅠ, n=30) and the control group (groupⅡ, n=30). The patients received combined general-epidural anesthesia in groupⅠ, then only general anesthesia in groupⅡ. Results The anesthetic effect of two groups was satisfactory, the general anesthesia dosage in groupⅠ was significantly less than that in groupⅡ, the time of extubation in groupⅡ was longer than that in groupⅠ, the recurrent rate of fantod, restlessness, and pain after extubation in groupⅠ was significantly less than that in groupⅡ. Conclusion Combined general-epidural anesthesia can decrease effectively the stress response during perioperative period, keep the stable of circulation and anesthesia, rapid recovery after operation and less complication, postoperative analgesia is more beneficial for patients’ cough and sputum after thoracic operation. Key words: General analgesia; Combined; Epidural block; Thoracic operation 如何提高胸科麻醉质量,降低围手术期的应激反应,维持循环、呼吸功能稳定及良好的术后镇痛至关重要。我院自2002年1月~2004年12月采用全麻联合硬膜外阻滞应用于胸科手术病人,麻醉效果满意。为了验证其临床应用的可行性及安全性,我们对60例病人进行了临床观察,现报道如下 1资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 择期胸科手术患者60例,男37例,女23例,年龄34~67岁,平均年龄46.4岁,体重54~78kg,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,病种包括有肺癌29例、食道癌15例、贲门癌14例、纵隔肿瘤2例、术前有高血压13例、陈旧性下壁心梗3例、糖尿病2例。随机分为两组,每组30例,Ⅰ组为全麻联合硬膜外阻滞,Ⅱ组单纯全麻。 1.2 方法 术前30mim肌注苯巴比妥钠0.1g、阿托品0.5mg或东莨菪碱0.3mg。入室后联接迈瑞pm-9000多参数监护仪,监测ECG、HR、BP、RR、Sp02、PETC02。Ⅰ组选择T6~7或T7~8椎间隙硬膜外穿刺,向头端置管3.5cm,注入0.25%罗哌卡因5ml,出现麻醉平面后再行全麻诱导。静注芬太尼2ug.kg-1、异丙酚(2~3)mg.kg-1、阿曲库铵(0.25~0.5)mg.kg-1诱导插气管导管行机械通气,潮气量(8~12)ml.kg-1,呼吸频率(14~16)次/min,保证每分通气量在5L左右。吸呼比(I: E=1:2),维持呼吸末二氧化碳分压(PETCO24.3~5.3kPa),氧流量1.5L.min-1。术中吸入1%~2%异氟醚,间断注入阿曲库胺、异丙酚、芬太尼维持麻醉深度,每隔45min~60min经硬外导管注入0.25%罗哌卡因5ml。术毕时用新斯的明1mg~2mg、阿托品0.5~1mg拮抗肌松剂残余作用,保留硬外导管行术后镇痛;Ⅱ组单纯用全麻。记录两组病例术中血流动力学的变化、术后呼吸功能恢复情况、清醒及拔管时间, 1.3 统计学处理 数据以(x(_)±S )表示,采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有显著性意义。 2 结果 2.1 两组患者年龄、性别、体重、病种构成无显著差异(P>0.05),见表1。 2.2 两组病例拨管前BP、HR无明显差异。但拨管后5minⅡ组BP明显升高、HR增快,与Ⅰ组相比较有显著性差异P<0.05,见表2。
2.3全麻药用量Ⅱ组比Ⅰ组明显增多,术毕至拨气管时间Ⅱ组比Ⅰ组明显延长,Ⅱ组有9例拔管后出现谵妄、噪动、疼痛等现象,需用药进行镇静及止痛,而Ⅰ组病例拨管后安静,均无出现烦躁及伤口疼痛的现象。 参考文献: [2]周德华,陈泰卫,黄耀宗,等.预防气管插管时的心血管反应[J].临床麻醉学杂志1995,11:334. [3]梁维斌.静吸全麻加硬膜外阻滞在胸科手术中的应用[J]. 右江民族医学院学报,1999,21(2):202. [4]陈忠华.开胸手术两种不同麻醉与镇痛方法的效果比较[J].九江医学,2002,17(1):11-13. [5]王租谦译.硬膜外麻醉与镇痛对术后转归的作用[J].国外医学麻醉学与复苏分册.1997,5:283. [6]唐丽英,等.术后镇痛对老年人上腹部手术后肪功能的影响[J].中华麻醉杂志,1995,15(7):292. [7]潘宁玲,王汝敏,刘家文,等.全麻复合硬膜外阻滞抑制上腹部手术应激反应[J].临床麻醉学杂志,2000,16(10):493. |
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