造成血压下降,心律失常以及抽搐的原因是:1.CO2快速排出后,血中儿茶酚胺浓度也随之下降,如同使用升压药维持血压时突然撤除升压药而造成血压下降相似;2.用呼吸机进行正压通气时胸内压增高,静脉回流受阻,加之CO2排出后骨骼肌等组织的血管扩张,使回心血量减少,易致心脏充盈不足;3.高CO2血症使脑和冠状血管扩张,CO2骤然排出后脑和冠状血管收缩,易致脑和心脏缺血;4.在慢性呼吸性酸中毒病人,骤然消除高CO2血症,原已存在的血和脑脊液中代偿性碳酸氢根增高将占优势,以至脑脊液和血液变碱。脑脊液变碱可引起抽搐;血液变碱,使血钾、血氯减低,氧合离解曲线左移,加上冠状动脉收缩,室性心动过速,低血压甚至停跳。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 对慢性呼吸衰竭的病人,有计划地逐步降低PaCO2,可避免这种现象。及时使用阿拉明,多巴胺等升压药物可使之扭转和减轻,只要能维持良好的氧合和水,电解质,酸碱平衡,12~24小时以后,升压药不难撤除。 参考文献 1. Brit Med J 30:509 1974 2. Respiratory Failure. Black well Scientific Publications, Oxford and Edinburgh 1976 3. N. Eng. J. Med. 280:124 1969 4. J. Appl. Physiol. 24:42 1968 5. Clin. Sci. 27:407 1964 6. Scan. J. Clin. Lab. Inv. 23:5 1969 7. Handbook of Physiology. Section 3: Respiration Vol Ⅱ. Edited by Fenn WO and Rahn H. Washington DC. 1965 8. Anesthesiology 42:708 1975 9. Circ. Res. 34:749 1974 10.Circ. Res. 19:274 1966 11.Stroke 5:630 1974 12.Anesthesiology 32:60 1970 13.Prog. Brain Res. 38:310 1972 14.Circ Res. 20:272 1967 15.Arch. Neurol. 13:130 1965 16.Neurology 18:127 1968 17.Intensive Care Medicine 3:245 1977 18.J. Neurochem 21:1283 1973 19.Am. J. Physiol. 21::1240 1968 20.Surgical Neurology 9:47 1978 21.Neurology 18:127 1968 22.Acta Anesthesiol. Scand 15:193 1971 23.J. Neurosurg. Sci. 17:265 1973 24.Anesthesiology 43:4 1975 25.Acta. Neurol. Scand (Suppl 14) :116 1965 26.Lancet 2:1113 1966 27.N.Eng.J.Med.274:433 1996 28.N.Eng.J.Med.297:194 1977 29. Respir.Physiol.17:304 1973 30. Respir.Physiol.16:109 1972 31. J.Appl.Physiol.38:1095 1975 32. J.Clin.Invest.52:1812 1973 33. Neurology(Minneap)22:585 1972 34. J.Appl.Physiol.22:719 1967 35. Apply Respirotory Physiology.Butterworth and Co.(publishers)Ltd 1977 36. Anesthesiology 31:407 1969 37. Anesthesiology 21:652 1960 38. Am.J.Physiol.196:1025 1959 39. Clin.Sci.22:391 1962 40. Am.J.Med.41:495 1969 41. Fed.procedings 36:609 1977 42. The Human pulmonary Circulation Churchill Livingstone 1977 43. Circ.Res.38:221 1976 44. Circulation 39:639 1969 45. J.Clin.Invest.43:1146 1964 46. Am.Heart.J.89:657 1975 |