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肝移植术中不同时期应用新鲜冰冻血浆对凝血功能的影响

时间:2010-08-24 09:07:37  来源:  作者:

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贺永进  刘伟华  翁亦齐  许建刚  杜洪印

300192  天津市第一中心医院麻醉科

Influence of fresh frozen plasm on  coagulation in patients undergoing liver transplantation surgery.   HE Yong-jin, LIU Wei-hua, WENG Yi-qi, et al. Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China

AbstractObjective  To evaluate the effects of transfusion of fresh frozen plasm (FFP) on coagulation during different phase of liver transplantation   Methods Sixty ASA II or III patients with end-stage liver disease and coagulation dysfunction aged 30-65 yr weighting 45-89 kg were randomly allocated to one of three groups(n=20 each) : group I  FFP was transfused from skin incision to end of anhepatic, group II FFP was transfused from the beginning of anhepatic to skin closure. Group III FFP was transfused averagely during preanhepatic , anhepatic and neohepatic phase. Blood samples were taken from radial artery for prothrombin time(PT), activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT) ,blood gas analysis, haemoglobin and TEG before skin incision(T0, baseline), immediately before portal vein occlusion, portal vein release and skin closure . The total blood loss and blood loss during preanhepatic , anhepatic and neohepatic phase was calculated by calculation method. Results At T1 and T2 the reaction time (R) was significantly longer in group I than in group II and III, longer in group II than in group IP < 0.05. MA in group II was significantly shorter than in group I and III, and in  group I shorter than in group IIIP < 0.05. At T1-3 α angle in group II and I was wider than group II ,and in group I significantly than in group IIIP < 0.05. PT and TT at T1-3, APTT at T1 and T2 in group I was significantly shorter as compared with group II and III .PT at T3 and TT at T2 in group  III were longer significantly than in group II. APTT at T1 and T2 in group  II was longer significantly than in group III .The blood loss during preanhepatic phase and the total blood loss in group I  were significantly fewer than in group  II and III , in groupII than in group III P < 0.05. Conclusion It is economical  and efficient to transfuse FFP  during preanhepatic and anhepatic phase.

Key WordsPlasmaBlood Coagulation Liver TransplantionBlood Coagulation TestsTEG 

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肝移植手术对象大多为存在不同程度的凝血功能障碍的终末期肝病患者,术中对凝血功能的调控是关系到手术成功与否的关键。在对凝血功能的调节中新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)几乎可提供正常血液中所有的凝血因子[1],故FFP在纠正肝移植患者凝血功能障碍中起着十分重要的作用。但由于肝移植手术操作复杂,各期出血量不同,如何在适当的时机应用血浆才能达到最好的止血效果,又能最大限度地节省血浆是目前肝移植麻醉面临的又一问题。本研究应用血栓弹性描记仪(TEG)以及常规实验室检查来评估FFP用于肝移植不同手术时期对凝血功能的影响,以便找出肝移植术中应用FFP的最佳时期。

资料与方法

择期行肝移植手术、伴有凝血功能障碍的终末期肝病患者60例,ASA IIIII级,年龄3065岁,体重4589 kg,男43例,女17例。术前将血小板和纤维蛋白原根据实验室检查纠正到正常范围。60例患者随机分为三组(每组20例):I组手术切皮即刻开始输入FFP,并在无肝期结束即肝门脉血管开放即刻输完全部FFPII组在无肝期开始应用FFP,至手术缝皮即刻输完全部FFPIII组将全部FFP均分为三份,无肝前期(手术切皮即刻开始)、无肝期和新肝期(手术缝皮即刻结束)各应用全部FFP的三分之一。排除标准为:手术过程中由于手术操作原因短时间(1h)内出血量超过1000 ml

麻醉方法  所有患者均于麻醉前30 min静脉注射东莨菪碱0.3 mg,行有创动脉压监测后,采用静脉注射咪唑安定0.04 mg/kg、舒芬太尼1 g/kg(或芬太尼25 g/kg)、异丙酚12 mg/kg和维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg麻醉诱导后行气管插管,以异丙酚、维库溴铵和异氟醚静吸复合维持麻醉;常规监测有创动脉压(ABP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、肺动脉压(PAP)、肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、持续心排量(CCO)、心排指数(CI)、混合静脉血氧饱和度(SVO2)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、体温等。每组患者均按30 ml/kg应用血浆。实验室检测血气、电解质、血常规、血生化、凝血全项。TEG评价凝血功能。血红蛋白(Hb)维持在80 g/L以上,当Hb低于80 g/L时,静脉输注浓缩红细胞补充;三组患者术中均输入醋酸钠林格液稀释的5%白蛋白和胶体聚明胶肽,使中心静脉压(CVP)在无肝前期和新肝期均保持在68 mmHg,白蛋白保持在30 g/L以上,必要时可应用利尿剂调节;三组均常规应用氨基己酸类药物抑制纤维蛋白溶解[2];及时应用电解质和5%碳酸氢钠,使电解质、酸碱度维持在正常范围。用电热变温毯、液体加温仪、红外线照射加温仪保温,必要时温水冲洗腹腔,使体温维持在35.5℃以上。

分别在切皮前即刻(T0)、肝门脉血管阻断前即刻(T1)、肝门脉血管开放即刻(T2)、手术缝皮即刻(T3)由桡动脉抽取动脉血检测凝血全项、电解质、血气和Hb浓度并进行TEG检测,分别用计算法统计每个患者总的出血量和无肝前期、无肝期、新肝期的出血量[3]

采用SPSS 12.0统计软件处理数据。计量资料以均数±标准差()表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组内比较采用双因素方差分析。计数资料组间比较采用卡方检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 

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三组间年龄、性别比、体重、手术时间、麻醉时间组间比较差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05) 。(见表1

1  三组患者一般情况、麻醉时间、手术时间的比较(n=20

 

T0相比,I组患者的RT13时点、MA T2 T3时点缩短,α角在T1时间点增大;II组患者的RT3时点缩短、T2时点延长,MA T13时点缩短,α角在T1 3时点变小;III组患者的RT3时点、MA T2 T3时点缩短,α角在T2时间点变小, (P < 0.05)。R时间在T1 T2时点II组长于III组长于I组;MAT1时点II组短于III组和I组,T2时点II组短于I组短于III组(P < 0.05);α角在T1时点II组小于III组小于I组,T2 T3时点II组小于III组和I组(P < 0.05),III组和I组间差别统计学意义(P > 0.05)。(见表2)。

2   三组患者不同时点TEG参数的比较(n=20,

 

T0比较#P < 0.05    I组比较 *P < 0.05  II组比较△P < 0.05 

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