董振明 任建军 The effects of propof ol on the caspase casca de reaction induced by caspase-12 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury DONG Zhenming, REN Jianjun. Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 【Abstract 】 Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the caspase-12 in ischemia-reperfusion myocardium, to elucidate the protective mechanism of propofol on myocardial tissue underwent ischemia2reperfusion in rabbit heart. Methods Twenty-four healthy male white rabbits( 4 months of age) weighting 2.1~2.3kg were randomly divided into sham operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group and propofol group. The rabbits were anesthetized with 3 % pentobarbital 30mg/kg, to make the model of ischemia-2reperfusion injury according to the referent literatures. The propofol (2.5mg?kg-1?h-1) was infused through the vein at the edge of ear, then infusing it at the dose of 5 mg?kg-1?h-1 continuesly to the end of experiment. The tissues of ischemia-reperfusion region were taken to detect the expression of caspase-12, caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry and to analyze them with Motic 6.0 image analysis system, and to detect the I/R myocardial apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining methods. Results The caspase-12 and caspase-3 expresses in a low level, a few apoptotic cells were detected by FCM and the TUNEL staining in sham operation group . As compared with that in sham operation group, the expression of caspase-12 and caspase-3 in I/R group and propofol group were higher (P<0.05); the apoptotic cells detected by FCM and TUNNEL methods were significantly increased, as compared with those of sham operation group(P<0.05). As compared with those of I/R group, the levels of caspase-12 and caspase-3 in propofol group were lower than that of I/R group, the percentage of apoptotic cells was lower than that of I/R group(P<0.05). Conclusion Propofol can decrease the number of apoptotic cells of the ischemia-reperfusion myocardium, inhibit the caspase cascade reaction induced by caspase-12, which is one of the protective mechanisms of propofol . 【 Key words】 propofol; myocardical ischemia-reperfusion injury; caspase-12; apoptosis 凋亡在心肌缺血/再灌注损伤中起关键作用,近年来研究表明,半胱天冬酶-12(caspase-12)介导的内质网应激反应性凋亡途径亦参与了缺血/再灌注损伤导致的心肌细胞凋亡[1,2]。异丙酚通过多种机制减少缺血/再灌注后心肌细胞凋亡[3,5]。但是异丙酚是否能够抑制缺血/再灌注损伤心肌细胞中caspase-12介导的caspase级联反应性凋亡途径尚无定论。本研究旨在观察异丙酚对缺血/再灌注损伤心肌细胞中caspase-12的影响,从内质网角度探讨异丙酚减少缺血/再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的作用机制。 1 材料与方法 1.1 材料 异丙酚(批号:CK796,AstraZeneca公司,意大利),鼠抗人caspase-3活性单克隆抗体(编号:0105,SC27148,Promega公司,美国),Caspase-12(编号:1281,SC-12395,Santa Cruz公司,美国),TUNEL试剂盒(ZK28005,北京中杉生物技术有限公司),AnnexinⅤ-PI凋亡检测试剂盒(北京宝赛生物技术有限公司),DAB显色剂(河北博海生物有限公司惠赠),PBS(北京宝赛生物技术有限公司惠赠),1640培养液(编号:SH30011.01,Hyclone公司,美国)。实验动物由河北医科大学第二医院实验动物中心提供。其他试剂为国产分析纯。 1.2 方法<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 1.2.1 实验分组及动物模型制备:健康新西兰雄性大白兔(雄性心脏表面沉积脂肪较少、动脉血管清晰易辩)24只,4月龄,体重2.1~2.3kg,随机分为3组(每组8只)。假手术组(Sham组):仅穿线,不结扎冠状动脉,观察150min。缺血/再灌注组(I/R组):心肌缺血30min,再灌注120min;异丙酚组(P组)缺血30min,再灌注120min开胸前通过耳缘静脉给予异丙酚2.5mg/kg,然后以5mg.kg-1.h-1微量泵持续输入维持至再灌注结束;异丙酚给药剂量参考文献[6],动物模型制备参考文献[7],术中胸膜破裂者予以剔除,再按照随机原则在相同条件下予以补齐。
1.2.2 检测指标及检测方法:实验结束后,取左心室缺血/再灌注区心肌组织,用免疫组织化学方法检测caspase-12、caspase-3的表达,用Motic6.0图像分析系统进行处理,比较AO值;用FCM及TUNEL染色法缺血/再灌注区心肌细胞凋亡情况。 1.3 石蜡标本的制作 实验结束后取缺血/再灌注区心肌组织,4%多聚甲醛固定24h后,常规石蜡包埋、切片,片厚4μm,每隔1mm连续取2张切片,用于免疫组化染色和细胞凋亡染色。
1.4 Caspase-12、caspase-3活性形式蛋白质水平的表达(免疫组化染色)检测 切片常规脱腊至水,用3%H2O2室温作用10min,经微波修复后,用正常山羊血清进行封闭,依次与一抗(caspase-12、caspase-3多克隆抗体)和生物素化二抗(山羊抗大鼠IgG,博士德公司)反应,滴加SABC复合物(博士德公司)作用后,用DBA显色,苏木素复染,中性树胶封固。光学显微镜下观察,细胞核呈棕黄色染色者为凋亡阳性细胞,阴性对照片用PBS代替一抗,其余步骤相同。在×400倍光镜下每组随机取一张切片,每张切片随机取10个视野测定其AO值,取其均值用于统计学分析。
1.5 流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡 1.5.1 制备单细胞悬液:试验结束后,快速取出心脏,取左心室缺血/再灌注区心肌组织,剪成约1cm×1cm×1cm大小8~10块组织,置于300目铜网上,网下置一平皿。用眼科小镊子轻轻搓组织块,边搓边用冰1640培养液冲洗,直至将组织搓完为止。所得细胞悬液再用300目铜网过滤。最后收集悬液,以8cm半径,5000r/min离心,沉淀2min,加冰生理盐水洗涤,再次离心沉淀置于冰生理盐水备用。
1.5.2 FCM检测方法参见文献[8],收集数据以list mode形式储存,采用Cell Quest功能软件分析。 |
1.6 TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡 (1)切片常规脱蜡至水;(2)用蛋白酶K(20μg/ml溶于Tris/HCl中,pH7.4~8.0)室温孵育15~30min;(3)PBS冲洗2次,擦干样品周围的水,滴加50μl的TUNEL反应混合溶液,在湿盒中孵育60min;(4)PBS冲洗3次,擦干样品周围的水分,加入50μl转化剂-POD,在湿盒中37℃孵育30min。PBS冲洗3次,加入50~100μlDAB底物溶液,室温孵育10min,PBS冲洗3次;(5)封片(在封片前可以复染),在光镜下分析结果。对照组经过固定和通透的细胞样品加入50μl缓冲液以代替TUNEL反应混合物,标记步骤以下同上。结果判定:细胞核棕色者为凋亡细胞。用光学显微镜×400观察,随机选择10个阳性视野,计数每个视野中的阳性细胞数,取其平均值作为该组凋亡细胞数。 1.7 统计学分析 采用SPSS11.0统计软件包,计量资料用 ±s表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 2 结果 2.1 Caspase-12、caspase-3免疫组化测定结果 caspase-12、caspase-3在Sham组中均有一定程度的表达。与Sham组比较,I/R组和P组三项指标的AO值升高(P<0.05);与I/R组比较,P组三项指标的AO值降低(P<0.05)。见表1。 表1 免疫组化检测结果 ±s,n=8 <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /> 注: 与Sham组比较, *P<0.05; 与IPR组比较, △P<0.05 2.2 细胞凋亡检测结果 FCM检测结果:Sham组有少量凋亡早期细胞。与Sham组比较,I/R组和P组凋亡早期细胞增加(P<0.05),与I/R组比较,P组凋亡早期细胞减少(P<0.05);TUNEL染色Sham组有少量阳性细胞,与Sham组比较,I/R组和P组阳性细胞数增多(P<0.05),与I/R组比较,P组阳性细胞数减少(P<0.05)。见表2。 表 2 细胞凋亡检测结果 ±s,n=8 组别 | 例数 | FCM(%) | TUNEL | Sham组 | 8 | 0.68±0.05 | 7.1±1.1 | I/R组 | 8 | 31.7±1.5* | 28.2±3.4* | P组 | 8 | 16.0±1.8*△ | 16.3±2.1*△ |
注: 与Sham组比较, *P<0.05; 与IPR组比较, △P<0.05 综上所述,抑制caspase-12介导的caspase级联反应性凋亡途径是异丙酚减少缺血/再灌注损伤导致的心肌细胞凋亡的机制之一,但其抑制该凋亡途径的具体机制还有待进一步研究。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 参考文献 1、 Ferri KF, Kroemer G. Organelle-specific initition of cell death pathways. Nat Cell Biol, 2001, 3: E255-E263. 2 、 Mehmet H. Caspase find a new place to hide. Nature, 2000, 403: 20-30. 3 、 V Kokita N, Hara A, et al. Propofol improves functional and metabolic recovery in ischemic reperfused isolated rat heart. Anesth Analg, 1998, 86: 252-258. 4 、 Mendez D, De la Cruz J P, Arrebola MM, et al. The effects of propofol on the interaction of platelets with leukocytes and erythrocytes in surgical patients. Anesth Analg, 2003, 96: 713-719. 5 、 周锦, 张铁铮, 王凤学, 等. 异丙酚对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤时Bcl-2蛋白表达和细胞凋亡的影响. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2003, 23: 750-752. 6 、 上官王宁, 张冰, 连庆泉. 不同剂量异丙酚对兔心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2003, 23: 623-624. 7 、 李国营,田素民,于连发,等. 兔心肌缺血及缺血再灌注模型的制备.解剖学研究, 2002, 24: 237-238. 8 、 王珊,梁学颖,李宁,等. 一种新的检测细胞凋亡的多参数流式细胞分析方法. 标记免疫分析与临床, 2002, 9: 165-168. 9 、 Watanabe Y, Suzuki O, Haruyama T, et al. Interferon-gamma induces reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress at the hepatic apoptosis. J Cell Biochem, 2003, 89: 244-253. 10、Lawrence de Koning AB, Werstuck GH, Zhou J, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and its role in the development of atherosclerosis. Clin Biochem, 2003, 36: 431-441.
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