Effects of isoflurane inhalation during reperfusion on different degrees of global cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury in rats<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> Abstract:Objective Isoflurane preconditioning has been shown to protect against cerebral ischemiareperfusion (I/R)injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate if isoflurane inhalation during reperfusion has any protective effects. Methods Fourty-two SD rats weighing 318-365 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group(n=6), control group (n=18)and isoflurane group (n=18) . Control group and isoflurane group were further divided into 10,15and20min ischemia subgroups (subgroup A ,B, C, n=6). In isoflurane group 1.4% isoflurane in air was inhaled immediately after reperfusion was started for 30 min . Two days before the experiment the animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg?kg-1. Microdialysis catheter was inserter into right hippocampus using stereotactic techmique and fixed . BIS microelectrodes were placed in the brain . Vertebral arteries were permanently occluded by electric coagulation. Bilateral common carotid arteries wereexposed and atraumatic sutures were placed around them . Globol cerebral iscelectric was produced by tightening carotid sutures and maintained for 10,15,or 20 min (subgroup A, B, C). Cerebral ischemia was confirmes by loss of righting reflex , dilated pupils, loss of light reflex , BSI=0 and isoelectric potential on EEC. Carotid sutures were then released for reperfusion . Isoflurane inhalation was started right after the beginningof reperfusion and maintained for 30 min. Neurologic outcome was assessed by motor performance according to Combs (0-10,0 =severe dysfunction, 10 = no dysfunction ) at 24 h , 48 h and 72 h of reperfusion . Microdialysis samples were collected before during and 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, and 45-60 min after ischemia for determination of glutamate concentraion. Three days after ischemia the animals were sacrificed and brains were removed for microscopic examination of hippocampus CAI region. The number of apoptotic (TUNEL positive) neurons were counted and the percentage (the number of TUNEL positive neurons /the total number of neurons) was calculated . Results The glutamate content in hippocampus was significantly lower in isoflurane group than in contzol group during reperfusion (P<0.05). The motor performance scores were significantly higher in isoflurane group than in control group after 15 min ischemia (subgroup B). The percentage of apoptotic neurons was significantly lower in isoflurane group and control group than in sham group (P<0.05).The percentage of apoptotic neurons was dignificantly lower in isoflurane group than in control group after 10 and 15 min ischemia (subgroup A and B)(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups after 20 min ischenia (subgroupC)in terms of the percentage of apoptotic neurons and motor performance. Conclusion Isoflurane inhalation during early period of reperfusion has protective effects on the brain against mild to moderate I/R injury by suppressing the glutamate content in hippocampus. Key words:Isoflurane; Brain ischemia; Reperfusion injury ; Excitatory amino acids; Apoptosis 有研究表明异氟醚预处理、异氟醚麻醉对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,但于再灌注时吸入异氟醚对不同程度全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护效应尚无定论。 因此本研究拟利用活体微透析技术观察全脑缺血及再灌注期间海马区谷安酸递质浓度变化,对脑缺血后的神经功能进行评价,并观察脑缺血3d后海马CAI区的神经细胞计数及凋亡率,探讨再灌注时吸入异氟醚对不同程度全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护效应及其神经递质机制。 |