三、结论 目前,有许多种药物用于治疗神经病理性疼痛包括抗抑郁药、抗惊厥药、抗心律失常药、阿片类药物及局部麻醉阻滞剂和Capsaicin乳膏。到目前为止,这些药物主要是直接针对与疼痛相关的疾病状态。但是对神经病理性疼痛的治疗应该参考病人的体征和症状。通过针对这些产生这些症状的可能机制进行施治,可明显提高治疗效果。当某一药物不能减轻病人的主诉症状时,临床医生应根据每个病人的具体特点探索合理的多种药物联合治疗。目前有关症状-机制-治疗关系的资料只是初始的,需要进一步研究。但是,目前的知识为以后实现提高效果,降低副反应为目的的治疗提供了工作框架。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 参 考 文 献 1. Meyer H, Bogduk N. Classification of Chronic Pain: Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms, 2nd edn. Seattle: IASP Press, 1994:222. 2. Byas-Smith MG, Max MG, Muir J, Kingman A. Transdermal clonidine com pared to placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy using a two-stage enriched enrollment design. Pain 1995; 60:267-274. 3. Serra J. Overview of neuropathic pain syndromes. Acta Neurol Scand 1999; 100(Suppl 173):7-11. 4. England JD, Happel LT, Kline DG, et al. Sodium channel accumulation in humans with painful neuromas. Neurology 1996;47:272-276. 5. Max MB, Culnane M, Schafer SC, et al. Amitriptyline relieves diabetic neur opathy pain in patients with normal or depressed mood. Neurology 1987;37: 589-596. 6. Stacey B, Rowbotham M, Harden N. Effect of gabapentin (Neurontin) on pain quality in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Presented at the Ameri can Pain Society Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 1999 October 21-24. 7. Attal N, Brasseur L, Parker F, et al. Effect of gabapentin on the different components of peripheral and central neuropathic pain syndromes: a pilot study. Eur Neurol 1998;40: 191-200. 8. Abdi S, Lee DH, Chung JM. The anti-allodynic effects of amitriptyline, gabapentin, and lidocaine in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 1360-1366. 9. Rowbotham MC, Resiner-Keller LA, Fields HL. Both intravenous lidocaine and morphine reduce the pain of postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1991;41: 1024-1028. 10. Attal N, Brasseur L, Chauvin M, et al. Effect of single and repeated applica tions of a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic(EMLA) cream on spontaneous and evoked pain in post-herpetic neuroalgia. Pain 1999; 81:203-209. 11. Eide PK, Stubhaug A, Oye I, et al. Continuous subcutaneous administration of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine in the treat ment of postherpetic neuralgia. Pain 1995; 61:221-228. 毛庆祥,男,毕业于上海市第二军医大学麻醉系,现工作于重庆市第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所麻醉科,主要从事临床麻醉工作,已发表文章数篇。 |