我们采用输注晶体和胶体液的方法进行扩容。输注林格液30min后,约28%潴留在外周血管内,而其余部分则分布至组织间质,胶体溶液则能很好地起到扩容的作用[4]。因此,对于心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的老年患者,在硬膜外阻滞的基础上扩容,不会造成回心血量的显著增加,即使有部分液体渗透至肺间质,通过机体自身代偿,增加肺淋巴引流量,使肺间质的压力不至于过分增加,亦不至于产生肺水肿。只有超过机体的防御能力,同时伴有左心功能不全时,才有可能发生[5]。 本研究认为,对于老年患者同样能采取术前扩容的方法保持联合麻醉期间血液动力学的平稳,而不致于引起血管外肺水的增加。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 参 考 文 献 1 Baraka AS, Taha SK, Ghabach MB, et al. Intravascular administration of polymerized gelatin versus isotonic saline for prevention of spinal-induced hypotension. Anesth Analg, 1994, 78: 301-305. 2 Fanel!i G, Casati A, Berti M, et al. Incidence of hypotension and bradycardia during integrated epidural/general anesthesia. An epidemiologic ohservational study on 121)0 consecutive patients. Italian Study Group on Integrated Anesthesia. Minerva Anestesiol, 1998, 64:313-319. 3 Ka~ba T, Kondou O, Yoshimura Y, et al.Haemodynamic effects of induction of general anaesthesia with prolmfol during epidural anaesthesia. (;an J Anaesth, 1998, 45: 11)61-1065. 4 Ueyama H, He YI., Tanigami H, et al. Effects of crystalloid and colloid preload on blood volume in the parturient undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective ce.sarean ~ction. Anesthesiology, 1999, 91:1571-1576. 5 Benumof J l.. Respiratory physiology and respiratory function during anesthesia. In: Miller RD, ed. Anesthesia.5th edn. Philadlphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2000. 578-618. |