②局部肺容积分析<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 可通气的肺容积的丧失是急性肺损伤的特征,在大的胸科手术和腹部手术中也很常见,以往测定肺容积的减少是用气体稀释法测定功能余气量的变化,现在可以利用CT计算肺容积的变化[16]。 尽管CT有助于对呼吸生理机制的理解,但没能很好的分析局部肺灌注,没能很好的将肺局部灌注与肺形态异常联系起来;由于设备笨重带来的不便、过多的辐射、费用的昂贵、扫描时间过长均限制了围术期CT的使用。但是随着科技的发展,新一代CT如电子束CT、多探头CT的临床应用,其缺点进一步减少(能在5秒内扫描完全肺),人们更多利用其优点在围术期监测肺功能。 参考文献 1. Lundquist H, Hendenstierna G, Strandberg A, et al. CT-assessment of depen dent lung densities in man during general anesthesia. Acta Radio 1995;36:626-632. 2. Hachenberg T, Lundquist H, Tokics L, et al. Analysis of lung density by com puted tomography before and during general anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1993;37(6): 549-555. 3. Hendenstierna G, Lundquist H, Lundh B, et al. Pulmonary densities during anaesthesia. An experimental study on lung morphology and gas exchange. Eur Respir J 1989;2:528-535. 4. Rothen HU,Sporre B, Engberg G, et al. Re-expansion of atelectasis durin general anaesthesia : a computed tomography study. Br J Anaesth 1993;71 (6) : 788 - 795. 5. Neumann P, Rothen HU, Berglund JE, et al. Positive endexpiratory pressure prevents atelectasis during general anaesthesia even in the presence of a high inspired oxygen concentration. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999,43(3): 295-301 6. Benoit Z, Wicky S, Fischer J-F, et al. The effect of increased FiO2 before tracheal extubation on postoperative atelectasis. Anesth Analg 2002, 95:1777-1781. 7. Drummond GB. Computed tomography and pulmonary measurements. Br J Anaesthesia 1998,80:665-671. 8. Marco R,Stefania P,Pierre S,et al.Prevention of atelectasis formation during induction of general anesthesia. Anesth Analg, 2003,97:1835-1839. 9. Marta C, Stefania P, Pierre S, et al. Prevention of atelectasis formation during induction of general anesthesia in morbidly obese patients. Anesth Analg 2004, 98:1491-1495. 10. Edmark L, Kostova-Aherdan K, Enlund M, et al. Optimal oxygen concentra tion during induction of general anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 2003,98(1): 28-33 11. Luciano Gattinoni, Pietro Caironi, Paolo Pelost, et al. What Has Computed Tomography Taught Us about the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001,164: 1701-1711. 12. Vieira SR, Puybasset L, Richecoeur J, et al. A lung computed tomographic assessment of positive end-expiratory pressure-induced lung overdistension. Am J Respir Crit Care 1998;158(5 pt 1):1571-1577. 13. Gattinoni L, Pelosi P, Crotti S,et al. Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on regional distribution of tidal and recruitment in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care 1995,151:1807-1814. 14. Gattinoni L, Pesenti A, Bombino M, et al. Relationships between lung com puted tomographic density, gas exchange, and PEEP in acute respiratory failure. Anesthesiology 1988,69:824-832. 15. Malbouisson LM, Jean-charles M, Jean-michel C, et al. Computed to mography assessment of positive end-expiratory pressure-induced alveolar re cruitment in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care 2001,163:1444-1450. 16. Puybasset L, Cluzel P, Chao N, et al. The CT Scan ARDS Study Group. A computed tomography scan assessment of regional lung volume in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998, 158: 1644-1655. |