<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> (6)在20多年前,就曾经有人尝试通过超声成像技术来显示黄韧带。由于硬脊膜外间隙和蛛网膜下隙是被骨性结构所包围,大部分超声波在遇到骨性棘突后即被反射回来,因此对该区域的解剖学结构进行检查十分困难。但是采用4~7MHz的线阵或凸阵探头,可使有限的超声波束通过椎间隙(图12A),尤其是在旁正中区。黄韧带和硬脊膜是表现为强回声的致密组织,而低密度的硬脊膜外间隙以及位于蛛网膜下隙的脑脊液则表现为低回声影像(图12B)。 与临床检查相比较,通过超声成像技术确定的脊柱节段水平更为准确,这已被最近的两项研究所证实,即:与核磁共振(MRI)图像比对时,超声成像技术在确定脊柱节段方面的准确率为70%以上,并且所确定的标记总是处在预定水平的一个椎间隙范围内。超声成像技术还可确定穿刺针抵达硬脊膜外间隙所需的穿刺进针深度,并有助于减少试穿刺操作的次数。有人认为,旁正中区是进行超声成像的最佳声窗,尤其是在脊柱胸段,因为旁正中区的软组织/骨组织比值较高。与周围神经阻滞技术不同,目前尚无有关实时影像引导椎管阻滞技术的报道。目前主要是在穿刺操作前采用超声成像技术来帮助确定解剖结构、穿刺进针深度和穿刺进针的角度。
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