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血清降钙素原和白细胞介素<sup>-1</sup>家族细胞因子基因多态性对全身性感染患者预后的影响

时间:2010-08-23 13:37:17  来源:  作者:
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Genomic polymor Interleukin-1 family cytokines influences the outcomphism withine of septic patients

 

马朋林 陈德昌 潘家绮 杜斌

MA Penglin,CHEN De chang,PAN Jia qi,DU Bin. Department of Critical Care Medicine,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,1 Shuai Fu Yuan,Beijing 100730,China

 

Abstract

  Objective:To determine the allele frequencies and genotype distribution of IL-1a,IL-1b and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) gene polymorphism in septic patients.

  Methods:This is a prospective,consecutive entry study of septic patients in a general ICU,which is a 14-bed general intensive care unit of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Sixty patients with diagnosis of sepsis,admitted to ICU between 1997 and 1999. The polymorphic regions within intron 6 of IL-1a gene containing variable numbers of a tandem repeat (VNTR) of 46 bp,and intron 2 of IL-1ra gene containing VNTR of 86 bp were amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Alleles A1-4 and RN1-4 are identified according to the size of amplified DNA product. The region containing the AvaI polymorphic site at position-511 of IL-1b gene was amplified by PCR,and subsequently digested with AvaI restriction enzyme.

  Results:The allele frequency of IL-1ra RN2 and genotype RN2/2 were increased in 60 septic patients compared with normal controls (0.34 vs 0.23,P<0.01,and 0.12 vs 0.05,P<0.05,respectively).Allele frequencies or genotype distribution of IL-1a VNTR gene polymorphism and IL-1b AvaI polymorphism did not differ between septic patients and normal controls.In addition,genotypes A2/2,B2/2 and RN2/2 are associated with a significantly higher mortality (80%,81% and 71%,respectively) in septic patients. Patients with any 2 of the three alleles,i.e.A2,B2 and RN2,suffered from a much more severe sepsis (as measured by APACHE II and MODS score) and higher mortality rate (55-65%),while septic patients with genotypes A1/1,B1/1 or RN1/1 showed a much lower mortality (0-13%).

  Conclusions:Allele IL-1RN2,but not IL-1A or IL-1B gene polymorphism,was associated with susceptibility to sepsis. Alleles A2,B2 and RN2 might be important high-risk genetic markers for sepsis.

  Key Words:interleukin-1a;interleukin-1b;interleukin-1 receptor antagonist;gene polymorphism;sepsis;cytokines;susceptibility;outcome;genotype;alleles

 

  白细胞介素-1 (IL-1)家族细胞因子,如IL-1a,IL-1b和IL-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)在全身性感染的发病过程中起着非常重要的作用。与肿瘤坏死因子a (TNFa)相似,IL-1a和IL-1b也是关键的促炎症介质。IL-1ra作为重要的抗炎介质,通过与IL-1的I型和II型受体竞争性结合,可以对IL-1a和IL-1b的活性进行调控[1-3]。编码IL-1a,IL-1b和IL-1ra的基因位于人类2号染色体长臂q13-21带,人类主要组织相容性复合体内,且彼此相邻[4]。某些等位基因可以调节IL-1家族细胞因子的产生,并与某些慢性疾病及自身免疫性疾病(如炎性肠病、类风湿关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮)的严重程度密切相关[5-7]。然而,有关IL-1复合体与全身性感染的关系仅有少数报道。1998年,Fang等人报道,IL-1ra RN2等位基因(variable numbers of tandem repeats,VNTR)频率在严重全身性感染患者明显升高。此外,IL-1ra RN2等位基因与死亡率增加关系密切[8]。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

  本研究的目的在于确定IL-1a基因内含子6,IL-1b基因外显子5和IL-1ra基因内含子2的等位基因频率和基因型分布与严重全身性感染患者的易感性及预后的关系。

 

  对象和方法

  一.对象

  在得到医院伦理委员会同意及患者或家属的书面知情同意后,共入选了北京协和医院加强医疗科(ICU)连续收治的60例全身性感染患者。有基础自身免疫性疾病的患者被除外。根据美国胸科医师学院(American College of Chest Physicians)及危重病医学会(Society of Critical Care Medicine)共识会议制定的标准诊断全身性感染。60名健康志愿者作为正常对照。

  患者入院24小时内进行急性生理和慢性健康评分(APACHE II)。同时计算多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分。记录患者的基本情况,感染部位,致病菌种类及患者预后。

 

  二.方法

  通过盐析法提取外周静脉血有核细胞的基因组DNA[9]

  1.IL-1a基因多态性的检测

  IL-1A基因内含子6的多态性区域含有46个碱基对(bp)的同向重复结构可变数。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)进行扩增[10]。PCR条件如下:两个引物各50 pmol(引物1:5’-GCCTCTAGACTCATAGAACTTAGTC-3’,引物2:5’-GTGAGGTCAGGCCATTGCACTG-3’);Taq plus I DNA聚合酶5单位;4种三磷酸去氧核糖核酸(dNTP:腺嘌呤,胞嘧啶,鸟嘌呤,胸腺嘧啶)各250 μM;氯化镁2 mM。经过预变性(98°C,2分钟)后,进行35个PCR循环,包括变性(96°C,1分钟),退火(58°C,1分钟)和延伸(74°C,6分钟)。扩增产物的大小通过含有0.1%溴乙非啶的0.9%琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定。根据健康人中出现的频率顺序为等位基因命名。等位基因A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6和A7分别代表46 bp碱基序列的不同重复数,其大小分别为800 bp、1200 bp、760 bp、940 bp、620 bp、1080 bp和660 bp。

  2.AvaI IL-1b基因多态性的检测<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

  通过PCR对IL-1b基因-511位点的AvaI多态性区域进行扩增[8]。寡核苷酸5’-TGGCATTGATCTGGTTCATC-3’和5’-GTTTAGGAATCTTCCCACTT-3’作为2个引物。PCR条件如下:预变性为95°C共3分钟,随后进行35个循环的PCR扩增,每个循环包括变性(1分钟,95°C),退火(1分钟,55°C)和延伸(1分钟,74°C),循环结束后74°C延伸6分钟。将PCR产物(20 μL)用AvaI限制性内切酶(新英格兰Biolabs公司)在37°C条件下消化3小时。消化产物通过1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行分析。根据片段长度差异可分为B1(190 bp和114 bp)和B2 (304 bp)两种等位基因。

  3.IL-1ra基因多态性的检测

  IL-1ra基因内含子的多态性区域含有86 bp的同向重复结构可变数,同样以PCR扩增。PCR反应体系为50 μL,基因组DNA (2 ng)作为模板。PCR反应条件如下:两种引物各50 pmol(引物1:5’-CTCAGCAACACTCCTAT-3’,引物2:5’-TCCTGGTCTGCAGGTAA-3’);Taq DNA 聚合酶5单位及1 X 反应缓冲液(Promega公司);四种三磷酸去氧核糖核酸(dNTP:腺嘌呤,胞嘧啶,鸟嘌呤,胸腺嘧啶)各200 μM;氯化镁2 mM。预变性(96°C,1分钟)后,进行PCR扩增35个循环,每个循环包括变性(94°C,1分钟),退火(55°C,1分钟)及延伸(72°C,1分钟)。扩增产物大小通过1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定。根据健康人中出现的频率顺序为等位基因命名。等位基因RN1、RN2、RN3、RN4和RN5分别代表46 bp碱基序列的不同重复数,其大小分别为410 bp、240 bp、500 bp、325 bp和595 bp。

 

  三.统计学分析

  IL-1a、IL-1b和IL-1ra基因多态性基因型分布和等位基因频率的统计学分析采用Fisher精确检验(双尾)。计数资料采用x2检验和Fisher精确检验,连续资料采用单因素逻辑回归分析。数据分析采用SPSS软件。

 

结 果

  一.患者及健康志愿者的一般资料

  患者组的平均年龄为58.3岁,对照组为24.5岁(P<0.05)。患者组中基础疾病包括腹膜炎(25例),肺炎(22例),急性胰腺炎(3例),胆道感染(5例),血行性感染(2例),脑膜炎(2例)和手术部位感染(1例)。

 

  二.IL-1家族细胞因子基因多态性的分布频率

  IL-1A基因多态性在全身性感染患者和健康对照者间并无显著差异(P>0.05),而且基因型分布也无差异(表2)。患者组和对照组中均未发现较为罕见的等位基因IL-1a A5,A6和A7。相反,全身性感染患者中IL-1b基因AvaI多态性的B2等位基因有增加的趋势,但统计学差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。与健康对照相比,患者组中IL-1b B2纯合子和IL-1b B1/B2杂合子基因型虽有所增加,但差异也不显著。

  患者组IL-1ra基因多态性的等位基因RN2有较高的分布频率(P<0.01)。而且,IL-1ra RN2纯合子的频率在患者组也显著增加(P<0.05)(表4)。患者组和对照组中均未发现IL-1ra等位基因RN5。

  有关等位基因IL-1ra RN2与IL-1a内含子6 VNTR或IL-1b AvaI多态性相互关联的分析表明,在不同IL-1a 或IL-1b等位基因携带者中IL-1ra等位基因的分布相同(表5),提示本研究结果并未受到各种多态性之间意外的相互关联的影响。

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