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白细胞介素-1家族细胞因子基因多态性对全身性感染患者预后的影响

时间:2010-08-23 13:38:23  来源:  作者:

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Genomic polymorphism within interleukin-1 family cytokines influences the outcome of septic patients

 

马朋林 陈德昌 潘家绮 杜斌

MA Penglin, CHEN Dechang,PAN Jiaqi, DU Bin.Department of Critical Care Medicine,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing100730,China

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Abstract

  Objective:To determine the allelefrequencies and genotype distribution of interleukin(IL)-1A,IL-1B and IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1ra) genepolymorphism in septic patients.

 

  Methods:A prospective,consecutive entry study was made among 60 patients with the diagnosis of sepsis who were admitted consecutively into the general intensive care unit(ICU),Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 1997 and 1999.APACHEII scoring and MODS scoring were made within 24 hours after admission.The genomic DNA of peripheral blood nucleatedcells was extracted. The polymorphic regions within intron 6 of IL-1 Agene containing variable numbers of atandemrepeat (VNTR) of 46 bp, and intron 2 of IL-1 ragene containing VNTR of 86 bp were amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Alleles A124 and RN124 were identified according to the size of amplified DNA product.There gion containing the AvaIpolymorphic site atposition 2511 of IL-1B gene was amplified by PCR,and subsequently digested with AvaI restriction enzyme.

  Results:The frequencies of allele IL-1 raRN2 and genotype RN2/2 in the 60 septic patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls(0134vs0123,P<0.01,and 0112 vs 0105,P<0.05,respectively).The allele frequencies or genotype distribution of IL-1 AVNTR gene polymorphism and IL-1B AvaI polymorphism did not differ between the septic patients and normal controls.Inaddition,genotypes A2/2,B2/2 and RN2/2 were associated with a significantly higher mortality(80%,81% and 71%,respectively)in septic patients.Patients with any of the three alleles,i1e1A2,B2 and RN2,suffered from a much more severe sepsis(as measured by APACHEII and MODSscores)and higher mortality rate(55%~65%),while septic patients with genotypes A1/1,B1/1 or RN1/1 showed a much lower mortality(0~13%).

  Conclusion:Allele IL-1RN2 polymorphism,but not IL-1A or IL-1B genepolymorphism,is associated with susceptibility to sepsis.AllelesA2,B2 and RN2 might be import an thigh risk genetic markers for sepsis.

  Keywords:Interleukin21;Sepsissyndrome;Genotype

 

  白细胞介素-1(IL-1)家族细胞因子,如IL-1A IL-1B和IL-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)在全身性感染的发病过程中起着非常重要的作用。与肿瘤坏死因子A(TNFA)相似,IL-1A和IL-1B也是关键的促炎症介质IL-1ra作为重要的抗炎介质,通过与IL-1的I型和I型受体竞争性结合,可以对IL-1A和IL-1B的活性进行调控[123]。编码IL-1A,IL-1B和IL-1ra的基因位于人类2号染色体长臂q13221带,人类主要组织相容性复合体内,且彼此相邻[4]。某些等位基因可以调节IL-1家族细胞因子的产生,并与某些慢性疾病及自身免疫性疾病(如炎性肠病、类风湿关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮)的严重程度密切相关[527]。然而,有关IL-1复合体与全身性感染的关系仅有少数报道1998年Fang等报道,IL-1raRN2等位基因(variablnumbersoftandemrepeats,VNTR)频率在严重全身性感染患者明显升高。此外,IL-1raRN2等位基因与死亡率增加关系密切[8]

  本研究的目的在于确定IL-1A基因内含子6,IL-1B基因外显子5和IL-1ra基因内含子2的等位基因频率和基因型分布与严重全身性感染患者的易感性及预后的关系。

 

  对象和方法

  一、对象

  在得到医院伦理委员会同意及患者或家属的书面知情同意后,共入选了北京协和医院加强医疗科(ICU)连续收治的全身性感染患者60例。有基础自身免疫性疾病的患者被除外。根据美国胸科医师学会及危重病医学会共识会议制定的标准诊断全身性感染。60名健康志愿者作为正常对照。

  患者入院24h内进行急性生理和慢性健康评分(APACHEII)。同时计算多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分。记录患者的基本情况、感染部位,致病菌种类及疾病预后。

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  二、方法

  通过盐析法提取外周静脉血有核细胞的基因组DNA[9]

  1.IL-1A基因多态性的检测:IL-1A基因内含子6的多态性区域含有46个碱基对(bp)的同向重复结构可变数。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)进行扩增[10]。PCR条件如下:两个引物各50pmol(引物15cGCCTCTAGACTCATAGAACTTAGTC3c,引物2:5cGTGAGGTCAGGCCATTGCACTG3c);TaqplusIDNA聚合酶5U;4种三磷酸去氧核糖核酸(dNTP:腺嘌呤,胞嘧啶,鸟嘌呤,胸腺嘧啶)各250Lm;氯化镁2mm。经过预变性(98e,2min)后,进行35个PCR循环,包括变性(96e,1min),退火(58e,1min)和延伸(74e,6min)。扩增产物的大小通过含有011%溴乙非啶的019%琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定。根据健康人中出现的频率顺序为等位基因命名。等位基因A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6和A7分别代表46bp碱基序列的不同重复数,其大小分别为800bp、1200bp、760bp、940bp、620bp、1080bp和660bp。

  2.AvaIIL-1B基因多态性的检测:通过PCR对IL-1B基因-511位点的AvaI多态性区域进行扩增[8]。寡核苷酸5cTGGCATTGATCTGGTTCATC3c和5cGTTTAGGAATCTTCCCACTT3c作为2个引物。PCR条件如下:预变性为95e共3min,随后进行35个循环的PCR扩增,每个循环包括变性(1min,95e),退火(1min,55e)和延伸(1min,74e),循环结束后74e延伸6min。将PCR产物(20Ll)用AvaI限制性内切酶(新英格兰Biolabs公司)在37e条件下消化3h。消化产物通过115%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行分析。根据片段长度差异可分为B1(190bp和114bp)和B2(304bp)两种等位基因。

  3.IL-1ra基因多态性的检测:IL-1ra基因内含子的多态性区域含有86bp的同向重复结构可变数,同样以PCR扩增。PCR反应体系为50Ll,基因组DNA(2ng)作为模板。PCR反应条件如下:两种引物各50pmol(引物1:5cCTCAGCAACACTCCTAT3c,引物2:5cTCCTGGTCTGCAGGTAA3c);TaqDNA聚合酶5U及1@反应缓冲液(Promega公司);四种三磷酸去氧核糖核酸(dNTP:腺嘌呤,胞嘧啶,鸟嘌呤,胸腺嘧啶)各200Lm;氯化镁2mm。预变性(96e,1min)后,进行PCR扩增35个循环,每个循环包括变性(94e,1min),退火(55e,1min)及延伸(72e,1min)。扩增产物大小通过115%琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定。根据健康人中出现的频率顺序为等位基因命名。等位基因RN1、RN2、RN3、RN4和RN5分别代表46bp碱基序列的不同重复数,其大小分别为410、240、500、325和595bp。

  三、统计学分析

  基因多态性基因型分布和等位基因频率的统计学分析采用Fisher精确检验(双尾)。计数资料采用V2检验和Fisher精确检验,连续资料采用单因素逻辑回归分析。数据分析采用SPSS软件。

 

  结果

  一、一般情况

  患者组男38例,女22例,平均年龄为5813岁。对照组男35例,女25例,平均年龄为2415岁(P<0105)。患者组中基础疾病包括腹膜炎(25例),肺炎(22例),急性胰腺炎(3例),胆道感染(5例),血行性感染(2例),脑膜炎(2例)和手术部位感染(1例)。致病菌其中革兰阴性杆菌21例,革兰阳性球菌8例,多种致病菌24例,培养阴性7例。

  二、IL-1家族细胞因子基因多态性的分布频率

  IL-1A基因多态性在全身性感染患者和健康对照者间差异无显著意义(P>0105),而且基因型分布也无差异(表1)。患者组和对照组中均未发现较为罕见的等位基因IL-1AA5,A6和A7。相反,全身性感染患者中IL-1B基因AvaI多态性的B2等位基因有增加的趋势,但差异无显著意义(P>0105)。与健康对照相比,患者组中IL-1BB2纯合子和IL-1BB1/B2杂合子基因型虽有所增加,但差异也不显著(表2)。

  患者组IL-1ra基因多态性的等位基因RN2有较高的分布频率(P<0101)。而且,IL-1raRN2纯合子的频率在患者组也显著增加(P<0105,表3)。患者组和对照组中均未发现IL-1ra等位基因RN5。

  有关等位基因IL-1raRN2与IL-1A内含子6VNTR或IL-1BAvaI多态性相互关联的分析表明,在不同IL-1A或IL-1B等位基因携带者中IL-1ra等位基因的分布相同(表4)。

  三、IL-1家族细胞因子基因多态性与全身性感染患者的预后

  对于全身性感染患者预后的单因素分析表明,严重的基础疾病(如APACHEII评分和MODS评分较高)和肺炎均是死亡的危险因素。此外,未携带等位基因IL-1AA1、IL-1BB1或IL-1raRN1,携带等位基因IL-1AA2、IL-1BB2或IL-1raRN2也是全身性感染患者死亡的危险因素。而且,基因型为IL-1AA1/A1、IL-1BB1/B1或IL-1raRN1/RN1的患者,以及革兰阴性杆菌感染(除假单胞菌属外)患者死亡率较低,而IL-1AA2/A2、IL-1BB1/B2、IL-1BB2/B2、IL-1raRN1/RN2或IL-1raRN2/RN2基因型的全身性感染患者更容易死亡(表5)。

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