讨 论<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> 激光多普勒(LDF)是近年来应用于无创测定组织血流灌注的仪器。Florence等[4]对家兔应用LDF发现控制性低血压时CBF的自动调节低限为40mmHg,其他学者[527]采用放血来降压也观察到在此血压下CBF降低,故实验中我们选择35mmHg作为最后的观察点。实验表明,在出血性低血压时,MAP低于对照值的65%即可造成CBF的自身调节作用消失[8]。本实验中,MAP下降至35mmHg,约达对照组40%,rCBF仍没有明显变化,表明硝普钠扩血管控制性降低血压60%,CBF自身调节机制仍然存在。据报道药物降压时CBF的自身调节曲线比出血性低血压时左移,反映了脑血流强大自动调节功能。但另一方面需要指出的是,CBF的自动调节功能是泛指脑灌注压在一定范围内波动时不引起脑血流的改变,脑血流一般是全脑血流的均值,局部脑血流只能监测探头所接触的局部血流,我们还不能绝对的说整个大脑灌注水平肯定没有改变,只能说明局部血流仍在调节范围内。实验中如果加用TCD(经颅多普勒) 作对照,就可下进一步的结论。 Datex氧饱和度仪增益功能固定时其波幅变化可反映组织血流的情况。Weissman等[9]采用控制心率或提高外周血管阻力改变心输出量,通过计算机处理动脉波形下面积连续测定心输出量,与常规测量方法极为吻合。本实验中,由于血管扩张,MAP下降时容积波幅不断增加,但血压过低时,由于血流驱动力过度降低,导致组织灌流量减少,Pleth开始降低(但仍高于基础值),Pleth由增高转为下降时的临界值本实验中约为46mmHg。这一方面说明血管扩张使血流增加存在封顶现象,另一方面也提示一旦MAP低于46mmHg,外周组织血供就会随血压变化而降低。然而,本实验条件下,MAP即使降至35mmHg,Pleth也未降至基础值以下,我们无法确定外周血流开始低于基础值血流的临界点。根据实验数据拟合方程算出MAP约为32mmHg时,PlethI将降至基础值以下,其临床意义仍值得进一步探讨。 根据犬应用异氟烷、硝普钠和艾司洛尔行控制性低血压的实验,我们认为:①随MAP的降低,脉搏容积波幅升高,降至46mmHg时随血压降低开始下降,二者的变化有良好的相关性;②MAP降至35mmHg,脑皮质表面局部血流没有明显变化,提示犬脑皮质血流仍可能在自动调节范围内,脑表面局部血流变化与外周脉搏容积波变化无相关性。 参考文献 1. Challoner AVJ . Photoelectric plethsmography for estimating cutaneous blood flow. In :Rolfe P,ed.Noninvasive physiological measurements.London:Academic. 1979:125~151. 2. Yamakoshi K,Shimazu H,Shibata M,et al. A new oscillomeric method for indirect measurement of systolic and mean arterial pressure in the human finger (part 1):model experiment . Med Biol EngComput,1982,20:307~313. 3. Shelley KH,Dickstein M,Shulman SM. The detection of peripheral venous pulsation using the pulse oximeter as a plethysmograph. J Clin Monit,1993,9:283~287. 4. Florence G,Seylaz J . Rapid autoregulation of cerebral blood flow:a laser2Doppler flowmetry study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab,1992,12:674~680. 5. Morita2Tsuzuki Y,Bouskela E,Hardebo J E. Vasomotion in the ratcerebral microcirculation recorded by laser2Doppler flowmetry. Acta Physiol Scand,1992,146:431~439. 6. Leftheriotis G,Geraud JM,Preckel MP,et al. Cerebral blood flow and resistances during hypotensive haemorrhage in the rabbit:transcranial Doppler and laset2Doppler flowmetry. Clin Physiol,1995,15:537 ~545. 7. Czosnyka M,Richards H,Kirkpatrick P,et al. Assessment of cerebral autoregulation with ultrasound and laser Doppler wave forms2an ex2 perimental study in anesthetized rabbits. Neurosurgery,1994,35:287~292. 8. Fitch W,Ferguson GG,Sengupta D,et al. Autoregulation of cerebral flow during controlled hypotension in baboons. J Neuro Neuro Psychia,1976,39:1014~1022. 9. Weissman C,Ornstein EJ,Young WL. Arterial pulse contour analysis trendig of cardiac output:hemodynamic manipulations during cerebral arteriovenous malformation resection. J Clin Monit,1993,9:347~353. |