Page 19 - 麻醉与监护论坛2015年第3期
P. 19

Review and CME Lecture

因[42]。T a u蛋白磷酸受到磷酸化酶和蛋白磷酸酶的调节,两                                                  cohort[J]. Anesthesiology,2009, 110(4): 796 -804.
者失衡是导致Tau蛋白磷酸化的主要原因。TAO G等[43]观察连                                          [5]	 Singh D, Rath GP, Dash HH,et al. Sevoflurane provides
续3d吸入3%七氟醚(每天2h)的幼鼠,其海马组织中T a u蛋
白发生过度磷酸化,并且G S K3-β活性增高,多项研究[44-46]                                               better recovery as compared with isoflurane in children
都相继提出类似观点。G S K3β是一种重要磷酸化激酶,催化                                                    undergoing spinal surgery[J]. Neurosurg Anesthesi-
T a u蛋白S E R396和404位点发生磷酸化。可见,七氟醚可以通                                              ol,2009,21(3):202–206.
过激活G S K3β,导致T a u蛋白发生过度磷酸化,形成纤维缠                                          [6]	 Istaphanous GK, Howard J, Nan X, , et al. Comparison of
结,造成认知功能障碍。                                                                       the neuroapoptotic properties of equipotent anesthetic
                                                                                  concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane in
     (4)其他                                                                        neonatal mice [J]. Anesthesiology,2011,114(3):578–587.
     七氟醚还可通过激活细胞c a s p a s e[44],诱导细胞凋亡,                                  [7]	 Lin D, Zuo Z. Isoflurane induces hippocampal cell injury and
或是引发神经炎症[22],进一步导致认知损害。                                                           cognitive impairments in adult rats[J]. Neuropharmacology
     总之,七氟醚对认知功能影响的机制十分复杂,在对学                                                     2011,61(8):1354–1359.
习记忆机制完全研究清楚之前,要想阐明七氟醚与学习记忆                                                 [8]	 Liu W, Xu J, Wang H, et al. Isoflurane-induced spatial mem-
的关系有赖于后续大量体内、外实验和临床研究结果支撑,                                                        ory impairment by a mechanism independent of amyloid-
已知的与学习记忆有关的物质将会是今后研究的主要方向。                                                        beta levels and tau protein phosphorylation changes in
                                                                                  aged rat[J]s. Neurol Res,2012,34(1):3–10.
    四、小结                                                                   [9]	 Keaney A, Diviney D, Harte S, et al. Posterperative behavioral
                                                                                  changes following anesthesia with sevoflurane[J].Paediatr An-
     学习与记忆是大脑的重要高级功能,突触的可塑性变化                                                     aesth,2004,14(10):866-870.
是记忆形成与巩固的分子与细胞机制,在人类脑组织高度发                                                 [10]	 Millar K, Asbury AJ, Bowman AW, et al. The effects of brief
育期接触麻醉药可造成不可逆损伤。目前大量研究证实七氟                                                        sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia upon children’s
醚会对小儿认知功能造成影响,这种影响随着药物浓度、吸                                                        postoperative cognition and behaviour [J]. Anaesthe-
入时间等存在差异,而影响持续的时间以及是否可逆仍未有                                                        sia,2006,61(6):541-547.
定论。同时,急需大样本、长时间临床来揭示两者的关系。                                                 [11]	 朱贵芹,朱霞,郑闽江,等.吸入麻醉药对儿童学习记忆的影响
                                                                                  [J].实用临床医药杂志, 2011,15(23):24-25,28.
     麻醉药与认知功能的关系一直是社会关注的重点,作为                                              [12]	 Fan Q, Cai Y, Chen K,et al. Prognostic study of sevoflu-
应用最广泛的全麻药,如果七氟醚对认知功能的影响不可避                                                        rane-based general anesthesia on cognitive function in
免,那么,预防和早期干预措施应成为今后研究的另一热                                                         children[J]. Anesth,2013,27(4):493-499.
点。尽管有报道E P O[47]和姜黄素[48]对幼鼠进行预处理后将减                                        [13]	 Conreux F, Best O, Preckel MP,et Al. Electroencephalo-
轻认知功能损害,但该结果应用到临床是否可行还需大量研                                                        graphic effects of sevoflurane in pediatric anesthesia:a
究证实。                                                                              prospective study of 20 cases[J].Ann Fr Anesth Rean-
                                                                                  min,2001,20(5):438-445.
参考文献                                                                       [14]	 Constant I, Dubois MC, Piat V, et al. Changes in elec-
                                                                                  troencephalogram and autonomic cardiovascular ac-
[1]	 Somri M, Coran AG, Hadjittofi C, et al. Improved outcomes                    tivity during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane
       in paediatric anaesthesia: contributing factors[J].Pediatr                 compared with halothane in children[J].Anesthesiol-
       Surg Int, 2012,28(6):553–561.                                              ogy,1999,91(6):1604-1615.
                                                                           [15]	 刘书明.七氟烷对学龄儿童术后认知功能的影响[D].遵义医学
[2]	 Nasr VG, Davis JM. Anesthetic Use in Newborn Infants: The                    院,2013.
       Urgent Need for Rigorous Evaluation[J]. Pediatr Res,2015            [16]	 韩芳芳. 少年儿童非心脏手术术后早期认知功能障碍发生率
       Mar 19. doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.58. [Epub ahead of print].                    及危险因素分析[D].兰州大学,2013.
                                                                           [17]	 Rice D, Barone S Jr. Critical periods of vulnerability for the
[3]	 Sprung J, Flick RP, Katusic SK, et al. Attention-deficit/hyper-              developing nervous system: Evidence from humans and
       activity disorder after early exposure to procedures requir-               animal models [J]. Environ Health Perspect,2000, 108:511–
       ing general anesthesia[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2012,87(2):120-                 533.
       129.                                                                [18]	 朱霞,朱贵芹,张励才.不同浓度七氟醚对幼鼠学习记忆及海马
                                                                                  NR2B Tyrl472磷酸化表达的影响[J].中国药理学通报,2013,29
[4]	 Wilder RT, Flick RP, Sprung J, et al. Early exposure to anes-                (12):1717-1721.
       thesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth        [19]	 Xiao F, She N, Yu S, et al. Early life exposure to sevoflu-
                                                                                  rane impairs adulthood spatial memory in the rat[J]. Neu-
                                                                                  roToxicology, 2013,39: 45–56.

Laboratory RanevdieCwlinaincdalCInMvEesLteigcatutiroen                 38  FAM 2015 Jan/Feb Vol.22 Issue 1
                                                                      123
   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24